2.3 Globalization Responses Flashcards
Why has the development of Globalization also caused downsides?
It has widened the development gap for other countries.
What has led to a low development of in countries?
Average incomes in the world have risen since the 1950s. But the poorest areas in Africa are still growing extremely slowly.
Has absolute poverty has fallen?
Absolute poverty has fallen around the world, but it is still high.
What is absolute poverty?
When a person’s income is too low for basic human needs, could result in hunger & homelessness.
What is the GINI Coefficient?
Measures inequality wealth across a country, scored from 0 to 100, plotted as Lorenz curve 0: perfect equality, everyone has same income 100: perfect inequality, 1 person has all income.
What is ethical purchase?
The consumer has considered the social & environmental costs of production for their purchase.
What is sustainability in Globalization?
Ability to meet the demands of the current generation without compromizing future generations.
What has unethical consumption created by the cause of Globalization?
Globalization has created many ethical & environmental concerns such as:
- Exploited labor
- Global warming
- Farmers not receiving decent incomes
- Excessive resource consumption
What do NGOs, charities and other businesses to prevent unethical consumption?
By the work of these organizations, ethical purchases are becoming more increasingly available.
What is Fairtrade?
Provides coffees, cocoa & banana farmers a guaranteed price so they have a stable income additional Fairtrade premium goes towards community projects.
What is supply chain monitoring?
Large businesses try to monitor suppliers to try to reduce worker exploitation .
What is Forest Stewardship Council?
Uses its logo on wood products, ensuring its sources from sustainable forests.
What is recycling?
Reduces waste sent to landfill and new resource extraction can have high carbon footprint as waste treatment & transport uses energy.
What are the sustainability concerns?
Globalization has led to rising prosperity in emerging economies, and this has begun to put pressure on natural resources.
What is localism?
Aims to reduce food miles & carbon emissions it may be more expensive so low income people will not benefit growing certain crops may have a large resource consumption.
What are transition towns?
Promote local sourcing and aim to make their community more sustainable by reducing fossil fuel use, recycling and local schemes.
The Brixton Pound in Brixton - Encourage spneding in local store.
What are Callesticks Ice Cream?
Dairy farmers in Cornwall produce ice cream and sell it themselves instead of selling milk via supermarkets
(creating a commodity from a product)
What is income per capita?
Mean average income per person.
What is GNI?
Total value of goods/services produced in a country.
Gross Domestic Product
What is a PPP?
Expenditure of a country’s population & reflects cost of living.
Purchasing Power Parity
What are the 4 sectors of Economic Sector Balance?
Considers all 4 sectors & describes the compostion of the country’s industry.
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quaternary
What is an GII?
Measures female participation & treatment within society; considers reproductive health, empowerment and employment.
Gender Inequality Index
What is an HDI?
Measure of social development; considers life expectancy, litaracy rate & GDP per capita.
Human Development Index
What is the negatives of open door polcies, deregulation in FDI?
In terms of social tensions.
As a result of lots of international migration, it has cause racial and ethnic tensions.
In Europse there has been a growth in anti-immigration parties (eg UKIP) and extremism.
What are the environmental tensions?
Globalization has partly caused trans-boundary water conflicts, particulary in south-east asia.
What is restricting globalization?
Governments may try to limit global flows.
What is a form of censorship?
Example about China.
China - social media TNCs are blocked, cannot search for politically sensity information/
What is protectionalism?
Adding tarrifs to imports from other countries to make their goods look expensive and limit trade.
Banana Wars - EU deal in the Carribean made bananas.
What is an example of limiting immigration?
UK has a points based system to reudce immigration
What is retaining cultural identity?
Some groups may seek to protect their cultures from globalization and keep natural resources.
What is an example of retaining cultural identity?
The FIRST NATIONS indigeonous people in Canada are resisting the attempts of oil TNCs to “switch on” the region.
