22nd November Cards

Question 1

What are the characteristic findings for a hydrocele on scrotal examination?

Answer 1

✓ Transillumination
✓ Palpation can get above the swelling
✓ Testis is palpable

Question 2

What is the most common cause of scrotal swelling in primary care?

Answer 2

Epididymal cysts

Question 3

What conditions are associated with epididymal cysts?

Answer 3

✓ Cystic fibrosis
✓ Polycystic kidney disease

Question 4

What is the usual location of an epididymal cyst?

Answer 4

Posterior to the testes

Question 5

What is the usual location of hydroceles?

Answer 5

Anterior and below the testicle

Question 6

At what age is repair of infantile hydrocele indicated?

Answer 6

1-2 years

Question 7

What is a varicocele?

Answer 7

Abnormal enlargement of testicular veins

Question 8

What is the diagnostic modality for varicocele?

Answer 8

Ultrasound with Doppler studies

Question 9

What is the referral timeline (to ENT) for sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 9

Within 24 hours

Question 10

What is normal Weber test?

Answer 10

Sound heard equally loud in both ears

Question 11

Is Weber test useful in symmetrical hearing loss?

Answer 11

No. Both ears will hear the sound equally as loud

Question 12

What is Weber test finding in asymmetrical hearing loss?

Answer 12

Sound is heard louder in one ear versus the other

Question 13

Which of the PUD types is commoner?

Answer 13

Duodenal ulcer

Question 14

Which of the PUD types has epigastric pain relieved by eating?

Answer 14

Duodenal ulcers

Question 15

Which of the PUD types has epigastric pain worsened by eating?

Answer 15

Gastric ulcers

Question 16

What are the common causes of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 16

Alcohol
Gallstones

Question 17

What is the pathology in Budd-Chiari syndrome?

Answer 17

Hepatic vein outflow obstruction 2° hepatic vein thrombosis or stenoses

Question 18

What drugs are notable for increased risk of gall stones?

Answer 18

COCP

Question 19

What is the key management for gallstones?

Answer 19

Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Question 20

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

Answer 20

Smoking

Question 21

What are the ‘T’ and ‘P’ wave characteristics in hyperkalemia?

Answer 21

✓ Tall tented T waves
✓ Flattened P waves

Question 22

What is the first treatment in the setting for hyperkalemia?

Answer 22

Calcium gluconate (to stabilise cardiac membrane)

Question 23

Does calcium gluconate help to reduce serum potassium levels?

Answer 23

No. Calcium gluconate does not affect serum potassium levels

Question 24

What is a feared side effect of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 24

Hyperkalemia

Question 25

What is the treatment for hemodynamically unstable ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias?

Answer 25

Synchronized cardioversion

Question 26

Should patients on sulphonylurea take or omit their drugs on day of surgery?

Answer 26

Omit for the whole day is once daily drug
Omit only morning dose if bd

Question 27

Which of the oral hypoglycemics require no adjustments on day of surgery?

Answer 27

DPP IV inhibitors (-gliptins)
GLP-1 analogues (-tides)

Question 28

Which insulin type requires dose reduction by 20% on day before and day of surgery?

Answer 28

Once daily insulins (lantus, levemer)

Question 29

What is the first line investigation (following elevated PSA) for suspected prostate cancer?

Answer 29

Multiparametric MRI

Question 30

What is the Likert scale indication value for prostate biopsy?

Answer 30

> = 3