19th November Cards Flashcards
How are meniscal tears diagnosed?
Joint line tenderness & positive McMurray’s test
What is the most common indication for knee surgeries?
Meniscal tears
Which knee is most at risk of meniscal tears?
ACL deficient knees
Which of the meniscus is more prone to tear?
Medial (generally)
** Lateral (in acute ACL tears)
What is the most sensitive physical examination finding in meniscal injuries?
Joint line tenderness
What is the most sensitive diagnostic test modality for meniscal injuries?
MRI
What is the diagnostic shortfall of MRI in meniscal injuries?
High false positive rates
What is a good brief explanation of Osgood-Schlatter syndrome?
Tibial tuberosity apophysitis
Who is more at risk of Osgood-Schlatter syndrome?
Male children
Between the ages of 10-15 years
What % of Osgood-Schlatter syndrome is self-limiting?
> 90%
What is the key treatment strategy for Osgood-Schlatter syndrome?
Limitation of activity
Which sex is more prone to osteoarthritis?
Females
What is the character of the joint stiffness/gelling in osteoarthritis?
It happens after a period of rest?
What is the core component of osteoarthritis management?
Exercise to improve local muscle strength
What is an effective alternative to intra-articular steroid injections in osteoarthritis?
Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (also called viscosupplementation)
What is the most common primary bone malignancy in children?
Osteosarcoma
What are the common genetic associations of osteosarcoma?
Hereditary retinoblastoma
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Rothmund-Thompson syndrome
Bloom syndrome
Werner syndrome
What type of tumors are osteosarcomas?
Osteoid-forming bone tumors
At what ages is osteosarcoma more frequent?
10-14
> 65
(Bimodal peak)
Which race is more at risk of osteosarcoma?
Blacks
Which sex is more at risk of osteosarcoma?
Males
What is the commonest bone site for osteosarcoma?
Near metaphysis of the long bones of the appendicular skeleton
What is the commonest joint affected by osteosarcoma?
Knee joint (distal femur + proximal tibia)
What are the biochemical markers in osteosarcoma?
ALP
LDH
What is the gold standard diagnostic imaging for osteosarcoma?
MRI
What are the characteristic radiographic findings in osteosarcoma?
Sunburst appearance
Codman triangle
Lamellated (onion skin) reaction
What is the most common primary bone tumour?
Multiple myeloma
