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MSRA Revision Cards > 18th November Cards > Flashcards

18th November Cards Flashcards

1
Q

What birthweight is small for gestational age?

A

<10th centile

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2
Q

What birthweight is extremely low birthweight?

A

< 1000g

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3
Q

What birthweight is very low birthweight?

A

< 1500g

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4
Q

What sign of fetal distress can also be a normal finding?

A

Fresh meconium stained liquor

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5
Q

Is vernix more common on preterm or term neonates?

A

Preterms

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6
Q

What is perinatal mortality rate?

A

Stillbirths and neonatal deaths within the first week of life per 1000 births

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7
Q

How many arteries are found within the umbilical cord?

A

2

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8
Q

How many veins are there in the umbilical cord?

A

1

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9
Q

Between breast milk and formula milk, which has more sufficient vitamin K?

A

Formula milk

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10
Q

What are the possible scoring for each Apgar component?

A

0, 1, 2

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11
Q

Apgar scoring for heart rate

A

0 (absent),
1 (<100)
2 (>100)

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12
Q

Apgar scoring for respiration

A

0 (absent)
1 (irregular)
2 (good cry)

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13
Q

Apgar scoring for tone

A

0 (limp)
1 (some flexion)
2 (good flexion)

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14
Q

Apgar scoring for colour

A

0 (white)
1 (blue peripheries)
2 (pink)

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15
Q

Apgar scoring for respond to suction reflex

A

0 (none)
1 (grimace)
2 (cough or sneeze)

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16
Q

What are the Apgar score components

A

Heart rate
Respiration
Reflex to suction
Tone
Colour

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17
Q

Is it recommended to give newborns vitamin K?

A

Yes!

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18
Q

Is it recommended to give newborns vitamin K?

A

Yes!

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19
Q

When is blood sample for the heel prick test usually taken?

A

Around 5th day of life

20
Q

What conditions could the heel prick test screen for?

A

Hypothyroidism
Metabolic disorders

21
Q

What is the umbilical cord blood gas evidence of asphyxia?

A

Cord blood pH < 7.0

22
Q

What causes symmetrical IUGR?

A

Early pregnancy insult eg. Infections

23
Q

What causes symmetrical IUGR?

A

Early pregnancy insult eg. Infections

24
Q

What causes asymmetrical IUGR?

A

Late pregnancy insults eg. Placental insufficiency

25
Q

What risks do IUGR babies face in the first few days of life?

A

Hypothermia, hypoglycemia

26
Q

Who is more at risk of having anterior cruciate ligament injury?

A

Athletes in sports like soccer, rugby

27
Q

How many bones make up the knee joint?

A

3 bones (femur, tibia, patella)

28
Q

Which of the knee cruciate ligaments is stronger?

A

The posterior cruciate ligament (less likely to be injured)

29
Q

How many ligaments support the knee?

A

4

30
Q

Which is the commonest type of anterior cruciate ligament injury?

A

Complete or Grade 3

31
Q

Are males or females more prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury?

A

Females

32
Q

What is the characteristic sound description for anterior cruciate ligament tears?

A

Popping sound

33
Q

Is an MRI required to make a diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury?

A

No

34
Q

How successful is anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?

A

80%

35
Q

What are the most commonly used autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?

A

Patella and hamstring tendons

36
Q

What % of gout affects the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe?

A

> 50%

37
Q

What crystals are deposited in gout?

A

Monosodium urate crystals

38
Q

Can gout affect the kidneys?

A

Yes. Deposits can cause stones, interstitial nephritis

39
Q

What is the polarized light microscopy feature of synovial fluid in gout?

A

Negatively birefringent needle-shaped urate crystals

40
Q

What type of microscopy is utilized in examination of the synovial fluid in gout?

A

Polarized light microscopy

41
Q

Can serum urate be normal in gout?

A

Yes

42
Q

Why should low-dose aspirin be avoided in gout?

A

It can elevate serum urate

43
Q

When is it safe to introduce allopurinol in gout?

A

At least 3 weeks after onset of the acute episode

44
Q

What is an effective alternative to allopurinol for gout prevention?

A

Febuxostat

45
Q

What is the mechanism of action of febuxostat?

A

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase

46
Q

How frequently is gout monoarticular?

A

90% of the time

47
Q

What side effect of colchicine is noteworthy?

A

Diarrhoea

MSRA Revision Cards (9 decks)

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