18th November Cards

Question 1

What birthweight is small for gestational age?

Answer 1

<10th centile

Question 2

What birthweight is extremely low birthweight?

Answer 2

< 1000g

Question 3

What birthweight is very low birthweight?

Answer 3

< 1500g

Question 4

What sign of fetal distress can also be a normal finding?

Answer 4

Fresh meconium stained liquor

Question 5

Is vernix more common on preterm or term neonates?

Answer 5

Preterms

Question 6

What is perinatal mortality rate?

Answer 6

Stillbirths and neonatal deaths within the first week of life per 1000 births

Question 7

How many arteries are found within the umbilical cord?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

How many veins are there in the umbilical cord?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

Between breast milk and formula milk, which has more sufficient vitamin K?

Answer 9

Formula milk

Question 10

What are the possible scoring for each Apgar component?

Answer 10

0, 1, 2

Question 11

Apgar scoring for heart rate

Answer 11

0 (absent),
1 (<100)
2 (>100)

Question 12

Apgar scoring for respiration

Answer 12

0 (absent)
1 (irregular)
2 (good cry)

Question 13

Apgar scoring for tone

Answer 13

0 (limp)
1 (some flexion)
2 (good flexion)

Question 14

Apgar scoring for colour

Answer 14

0 (white)
1 (blue peripheries)
2 (pink)

Question 15

Apgar scoring for respond to suction reflex

Answer 15

0 (none)
1 (grimace)
2 (cough or sneeze)

Question 16

What are the Apgar score components

Answer 16

Heart rate
Respiration
Reflex to suction
Tone
Colour

Question 17

Is it recommended to give newborns vitamin K?

Answer 17

Yes!

Question 18

Is it recommended to give newborns vitamin K?

Answer 18

Yes!

Question 19

When is blood sample for the heel prick test usually taken?

Answer 19

Around 5th day of life

Question 20

What conditions could the heel prick test screen for?

Answer 20

Hypothyroidism
Metabolic disorders

Question 21

What is the umbilical cord blood gas evidence of asphyxia?

Answer 21

Cord blood pH < 7.0

Question 22

What causes symmetrical IUGR?

Answer 22

Early pregnancy insult eg. Infections

Question 23

What causes symmetrical IUGR?

Answer 23

Early pregnancy insult eg. Infections

Question 24

What causes asymmetrical IUGR?

Answer 24

Late pregnancy insults eg. Placental insufficiency

Question 25

What risks do IUGR babies face in the first few days of life?

Answer 25

Hypothermia, hypoglycemia

Question 26

Who is more at risk of having anterior cruciate ligament injury?

Answer 26

Athletes in sports like soccer, rugby

Question 27

How many bones make up the knee joint?

Answer 27

3 bones (femur, tibia, patella)

Question 28

Which of the knee cruciate ligaments is stronger?

Answer 28

The posterior cruciate ligament (less likely to be injured)

Question 29

How many ligaments support the knee?

Answer 29

4

Question 30

Which is the commonest type of anterior cruciate ligament injury?

Answer 30

Complete or Grade 3

Question 31

Are males or females more prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury?

Answer 31

Females

Question 32

What is the characteristic sound description for anterior cruciate ligament tears?

Answer 32

Popping sound

Question 33

Is an MRI required to make a diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

How successful is anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?

Answer 34

80%

Question 35

What are the most commonly used autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?

Answer 35

Patella and hamstring tendons

Question 36

What % of gout affects the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe?

Answer 36

>50%

Question 37

What crystals are deposited in gout?

Answer 37

Monosodium urate crystals

Question 38

Can gout affect the kidneys?

Answer 38

Yes. Deposits can cause stones, interstitial nephritis

Question 39

What is the polarized light microscopy feature of synovial fluid in gout?

Answer 39

Negatively birefringent needle-shaped urate crystals

Question 40

What type of microscopy is utilized in examination of the synovial fluid in gout?

Answer 40

Polarized light microscopy

Question 41

Can serum urate be normal in gout?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Why should low-dose aspirin be avoided in gout?

Answer 42

It can elevate serum urate

Question 43

When is it safe to introduce allopurinol in gout?

Answer 43

At least 3 weeks after onset of the acute episode

Question 44

What is an effective alternative to allopurinol for gout prevention?

Answer 44

Febuxostat

Question 45

What is the mechanism of action of febuxostat?

Answer 45

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase

Question 46

How frequently is gout monoarticular?

Answer 46

90% of the time

Question 47

What side effect of colchicine is noteworthy?

Answer 47

Diarrhoea