2.2.6 The Effect Of Lifestyle On Some Non-communicable Diseases Flashcards
Non-communicable disease
Diseases that are not infectious and can’t be passed on
Risk factor
Variable associated with an increased chance (risk) of disease or infection
Risk factors for disease (4p)
- Smoking
- Lack of exercise
- Over-eating
- UV light from the sun
Main difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases
- Communicable is spread by pathogens, and non-communicable isn’t
Correlation
When there is a link or relationship between two variables
Causal mechanism
When a change in one variable explains a change in another variable
Obesity
A medical condition where the patient accumulates excess body fat
Why is fat needed in the body?(5p)
- warmth
- energy store
- protects internal organs
- membranes are made if fat
- required to electrically insulate nerve cell
Cause of obesity
When the energy consumed in food is more than the energy used in exercise
Health problems associated with obesity (4p)
Stroke
Diabetes
Coronary heart disease
Arthritis
Stroke (Health problem associated with obesity) (2p)
- High blood pressure in the brain arteries can cause them to burst
- Can lead to brain damage
Diabetes (Health problem associated with obesity)
Liver cells can’t control blood glucose levels
Coronary heart disease (Health problem associated with obesity)
- A blockage in the coronary artery can increase the risk of having a heart attack
Arthritis (Health problem associated with obesity)
- Too much weight on the joints can increase the risk of them getting inflamed or worn down
Benefits of exercise (3p)
- Builds cardiovascular fitness
- Decreases chance of high blood pressure
- Helps to prevents obesity
Links between exercise and obesity (3p)
- Excess food is consumed and stored as fat
- Excessive uses up energy during respiration from the food eaten
- Therefore, less food is stored ad fat reducing the risk of obesity
BMI equation
BMI= mass (kg) ÷ height²(m)
