2.24-2.33 Human Nutrition

Question 1

What is important for a balanced diet

Answer 1

Apropriate proportions of carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre

Question 2

Carbohydrate : functions and where to find it

Answer 2

Provides energy

found in pasta,rice, sugar

Question 3

Protein : functions and where to find it

Answer 3

needed for growth and repair of tissues

found it meat and fish

Question 4

Lipids : functions and where to find it

Answer 4

to provide energy and act as an insulator

found in butter & oily fish

Question 5

Name 3 vitams, their function and where to find it and deficiency

Answer 5

Vitamin A: found in oily fish and dairy products needed for growth and development as well as good vision

deficiency- night blindness

Vitamin C: found in citrus fruits needed for healthy teeth and gums

deficiency- scurv

Vitamin D: found in dairy products and produced by body using sunlight needed for strong bones and teeth

deficiency- rickets

Question 6

Name 2 minerals, their function and where to find them and deficiency

Answer 6

Calcium: found it dairy products, needed for strong bones and teeth

deficiency-rickets

Iron: component of heamoglobin which helps bind oxygen to blood

deficiency- anemia

Question 7

Teeth function

Answer 7

to break down food

Question 8

Salivary gland function

Answer 8

produces amylase enzyme in the saliva

Question 9

Tongue function

Answer 9

helps the movement of food and assists swallowing

Question 10

oesophagus function

Answer 10

the muscular tube that conects the mouth and stomach

Question 11

liver function

Answer 11

regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes a product called bile

Question 12

stomach function

Answer 12

pummels the food with its muscular walls

produces protease enzymes

produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria with an optimum of ph 2

Question 13

Pancreas function

Answer 13

produces protease amylase and lipase enzymes which it releases into the small intestide

Question 14

large intestine function

Answer 14

also the colon

excess water is absorbed from food

Question 15

small intestine function

Answer 15

produces protease amylase & lipase enzymes to complete digestion

nutrients are absorbed

first part is the duodenum and the last part is the ileum

Question 16

rectum function

Answer 16

last part of the large intestine

where feaces are stored

Question 17

anus function

Answer 17

feaces exit the body through the anus

Question 18

ingestion definition

Answer 18

the consumtpion of a substance

Question 19

digestion definition

Answer 19

breaking down large food molecules into small food molecules

Question 20

absorption definition

Answer 20

digested food molecules are absorbed by the small intestine into the blood

Question 21

assimilation meaning

Answer 21

small food molecules used to build up larger food molecules

Question 22

egestion meaning

Answer 22

removing feaces from the anus

Question 23

excretion meaning

Answer 23

removal of cell waste

Question 24

explain how food is moved through the gut by peristalsis

Answer 24

peristalis is the process which food is moved through the oesophagus and intestines using the muscles of their walls which contract and relax rythmically to move the food along

Question 25

How is the small intestine adapted for its function?

Answer 25

Has villi which has : -a large surface area for absorption -short diffusion pathway (one cell thick) -maintain a concentration gradient between the food in the ileum and the blood -have a network of lymphatic vessels called lacteals

Question 25

where is bile produced and stored and what is its function

Answer 25

produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder used to neutralize stomach acid and emulsify lipids

Question 26

Experiment used to investigate energy content in a food sample

Answer 26

-weigh a small amount of dry food and skewer it onto a mounted needle -add a set volume of water to a boiling tube held by a clamp -measure the temperature of the eater then set fire to the food using a bunson burner -hold the burning food under the boiling tube until the flame goes out. Repeat until food wont catch fire again -lastly measure the temperature of water again

Question 27

how to calculate energy in food

Answer 27

energy in food (in J)**=** mass of water (in g) **X** temperature increase **X** 4.2 all divided by mass of food sample