2.18-2.23 plant nutrition

Question 1

Photosynthesis definition

Answer 1

the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

Question 2

Photosynthesis symbol equation

Answer 2

6CO2 + 6H20 –> C6H1206 + 6O2

Question 3

Photosynthesis word equation

Answer 3

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose
+ oxygen

Question 4

Which factors affect the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 4

light intensity- the more the higher rate (levels off eventually)

carbon dioxide concentration- the more the higher rate (levels off eventually)

temperature- the closer to optimum the higher rate (decreases at higher temperatures)

chloroplasts- the more the higher the rate (can be affected by loss of leaves, deficiencies and diseases)

Question 5

Waxy cuticle

Answer 5

protective layer on top of the leaf, prevents water from evaporating

Question 6

Upper epidermis

Answer 6

thin and transparent to allow light to enter the palisade cell layer beneath it

Question 7

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 7

column shaped cells packed tightly with chloroplasts to absorb more light maxamising photosynthesis

Question 8

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 8

contains internal air spaces increasing the surface area to volume ratio for the diffusion of gases (mainly co2)

Question 9

Lower epidermis

Answer 9

Contains guard cells and stomata

Question 10

Guard cells

Answer 10

absorbs and loses water to open an close the stomata to allow co2 in and o2 out

Question 11

Stomata

Answer 11

Where gas exchange takes place; opens during the day and closes during the night. Evaporation of water takes place here. In most plants found in greater concentration under the leaf to reduce water loss

Question 12

Vascular bundle

Answer 12

contains xylem and phloem to transport substances to and from the leaf

Question 13

Xylem

Answer 13

transports water for mesophyll cells to use during photosynthesis and minerals

Question 14

Phloem

Answer 14

transports sucrose and amino acids around the plant

Question 15

What do plants need mineral ions for?

Answer 15

Growth

Question 16

What are the four mineral ions

Answer 16

nitrogen, phosporous, potassium, magnessium

Question 17

What is nitrogen used for and what will leaves suffer incase of deficiency?

Answer 17

-making proteins for growth

-in deficiency, upper leaves pale green lower leaves yellow or dead

Question 18

What is phosphorus used for and what will leaves suffer incase of deficiency?

Answer 18

-make flowers and fruit

-in deficiency discolored purple leaves and small roots

Question 19

What is potassium used for and what will leaves suffer incase of deficiency?

Answer 19

-making roots

-in deficiency poor flower and fruit growth, yellow leaves with dead spots

Question 20

What is magnesium used for and what will leaves suffer incase of deficiency?

Answer 20

-making chlorophyll

-in deficiency normal upper leaves but yellow lower leaves

Question 21

test to see if CO2 is nescasarry for photosynthesis

Answer 21

-place a plant inside a sealed jar with lime soda and leave for 24 hours

-leave another plant in a co2 rich environment for 24 hours

-test each for starch using iodine

-if color goes from orange/brown to blue black starch is present

Question 22

test to see how light intensity affects photosynthesis

Answer 22

-use a water plant and place in a beaker

-place a lamp infront of the beaker moving the lamp away 10 cm each time and leave for 60 seconds at each interval

-count the bubbles produced

-more bubbles = more photosynthesis

Question 23

test to see for starch in a leaf

Answer 23

-boil a variegated leaf to denature the enzymes

-place the leaf in warm ethanol to remove chlorophyll (green pigment)

-rinse the leaf to remove the ethanol

-pat leaf dry and place a couple drops of iodine (iodine should go from brown/orange to blue/black if starch is present)

Question 24

test to see how light affects photosynthesis

Answer 24

-place one plant in the dark for 24 hours

-place another plant in the light for 24 hours

-provide both with otherwise perfect conditions (water, CO2 ect.)

-after 24 test both for starch