22 Tuberculosis Flashcards
What percentage of the worlds population has TB?
1/3
what percentage of those with TB infection will become sick?
5-10%
T/F Someone dies every second from TB?
False. Every 20 seconds
Where is TB most prevalent?
South western africa
In general, the US TB infection rates are falling. This was not the case in the early 90’s. why was this?
There was a peak of TB in the early 90’s because there was a peak of HIV at that time. Recall that these two diseases go hand in hand.
TB can cause meningitis in whom?
Generally children less than 5 in high TB endemic areas
T/F If left to progress, TB can infect bones, joints, nervous system, etc?
true
What is miliary TB?
a form of TB that causes wide spread dissemination of the whole body and causing small lesions. Results in multiple organ failure and is often fatal.
What are 6 major general symptoms of TB?
fever chills Night sweats weight loss Appetite loss Fatigue
what are 3 major specific symptoms of TB?
cough lasting 3 or more weeks
chest pain
coughing up blood
What is the main cause of tuberculosis?
mycobacterium tuberculosis (apparently there are others)
What is unique about the mycobacterium genus?
1) bacilli
2) High lipid content cell wall that doesn’t gram stain.
3) naturally resistant to many antibiotics
4) resistant to acids, alkalis, and dehydration
what are 2 prominant components of the thick lipid wall of mycobacterium?
1) Mycolic acid
2) Glycolipid
which pathogen is usually obtained from ingestion of raw milk, is a significant livestock pathogen, and is naturally resistant to pyrazinamide?
Mycobacterium bovis
Why is M. tuberculosis such a successful pathogen?
1) obligate human pathogen that has evolved with the human.
2) replicates slowly. (persistent)
3) master adapter. (aerobic or anaerobic, intracellular or extracellular pathogen)
If you are in contact with person with TB and get aerosolized, what are the chances you will end up with latent TB? If you have latent TB, what are the chances that it will become active TB?
10% chance infected
10% chance activation
what is essential for the growth of M. tuberculosis and granule formation?
TNF-alpha
which groups are considered high risk for TB?
1) contact with TB patients
2) migrated to USA in last 5 years
3) Travel to TB endemic areas
4) Health care workers
5) Homeless/poverty population
6) immunocompromised individuals
What factors predispose you to get TB?
1) HIV/AIDS
2) Malnutrition
3) infection with other diseases
4) Age
What are 6 ways to help diagnosis TB?
1) History of present illness
2) Tuberculin skin test
3) Acid Fast Bacilli sputum test
4) Chest X ray
5) culture the bacteria
6) Nucleic acid testing