18 - Shigella and E.Coli Flashcards
Pick one: Shigella are [lactose/non-lactose fermenters], [motile/non-motile] and [capsulate/noncapsulate].
Shigella is non-lactose fermenting, non motile and non-capsulate
What is the basis of shigella taxonomy?
O-antigen serotyping
What species of shigella is able to make a toxin?
Only S. Dysenteriae
Where is the only place Shigella is found? How is it transmitted?
Only human GI tract and transmitted through fecal oral route
True or false, shigella disease requires ingestion of a lot of bacterial particles because they are killed by the stomach acidity?
False, only 1-10 particles needed because they are particularly resistant to stomach acid
What are the two stages of shigellosis?
Stage 1 is in the small intestines while stage 2 is invasion of large intestines
True or false: Frequent stools, no pus and no blood, abdominal cramps, malaise, fatigue, anorexia, diarrhea and vomiting are ALL associated with shigellosis.
False. There is significant pus and blood. All other descriptors are correct
Shigella causes colonic ulceration. This is the route that they use to invade and cause cause their frequently occuring septicemia.Is that true or false?
False. They cause ulceration but rarely cause septicemia
In a laboratory setting, how would you distinguish salmonellosis from shigellosis?
You would need to culture / isolate the causative the bacteria
How does shigella invade adjacent colonic cells?
Lateral movement THROUGH the adjacent cells (i.e. pushes through into adjacent cell)
Again, what is the only sub type of shigella that makes toxin? What are the two main organ systems affected?
S. dysenteriae is the only subtype that makes shiga toxin. The toxin is neurotoxic and nephrotoxic
True or false: The major means of containing shigella to the gut is by antibody (IgA) in colonic mucosa?
False, it is contained by the innate immune system
Shiga toxin is nephrotoxic. How does it reach the kidneys to exert its toxic effects?
Through the circulation
What are the 2 major treatments for shigellosis?
Rehydration and antibiotics (the latter shortens the duration of disease by limiting shedding)
What are the 3 best practices highlighted in the notes for preventing spread of disease?
1) Good waste water treatment facilities, 2) handwashing and 3) healthy food handlers
How is the vaccine for shigella administered?
There is no vaccine
How would you distinguish e.coli from shigella on a McConkey plate? Why?
E.coli would be pink (vs. pale shigella) because of lactose fermentation
What are the 3 major antigens use to divide e.coli into serotypes?
O-, H- and K- antigens
What is the major means of distinguishing e.coli from other enterics?
By their biochemical profiles
True or false: E.coli are part of normal GI flora and are required for health
True