2.2 Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
Cell Wall
Made out of peptidoglycan
Provides cell with strength + support
Slime Capsule
Protective slimy layer which help the cell to retain moisture and adhere to surfaces
Plasmid
Circular piece of DNA
Flagellum
Tail like structure that allows the cell to move
Pilli
Hair-like structures which attach to other bacterial cells + allow plasmids to move from cell to cell
70S Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Mesosomes
Infoldings of the inner membrane which require enzymes for respiration
Gram +ve Cell Wall
Has a thick layer of peptidoglycan
Stains get trapped in the cell wall
Larger target site for antibiotics
Gram -ve Cell Wall
Has a thin layer of peptidoglycan
Stains don’t get trapped
Magnification
How big an image is compared to its original size
Resolution
How clear an image is when magnified
Types of Microscope
Light
Scanning Electron
Transmission Electron
Scanning Electron
Beam of electrons scans the sample
Produces a 3D image
Transmission Electron
Electrons are transmitted through an object
Produces a 2D image
Advantages of Electron Microscopes
Higher Resolution + Magnification
Disadvantages of Electron Microscopes
Very Expensive + not portable
Advantages of Light Microscopes
Cheaper + Portable
Disadvantages of Light Microscopes
Lower Resolution + Magnification
What is Staining
provides a contrast between the organelles + cytoplasm
Allows structures to be observed
Lytic Life Cycle
1) Virus binds to cell
2) Virus injects its genetic material into the host cell
3) Viral DNA replicates
4) Cell lysis occurs
5) Host cell dies
Lysogenic Life Cycle
1) Virus binds to cell
2) Virus injects its genetic material into host cell
3) Virus DNA becomes dormant
4) Cell division takes place
5) Virus is reactivated and the virus will continue onto the lytic cycle
DNA Viruses
Lambda Phage
RNA Viruses
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Ebola
RNA Retroviruses
HIV
Focus of Disease Control
Preventing the spread of the disease
Ethical Implications of Untested Drugs
Difficult to obtain consent
Unknown Side Effects
May not be as effective as the current treatment
Controlling the Spread of Disease
Fast identification of the disease
Nursing in Isolation
Sterilising + Disposing of equipment
Drugs Fast Tracked
Severity of the Disease
Availability of other treatments
Freedom of choice over participation
