1.3 Nucleotides Flashcards
What is a nucleotide
Molecules that contain a pentose sugar, a nitrogen base and a phosphate group
What is a nucleic acid
The polymer of a nucleotide
What is ATP made up of
Adenine, a ribose sugar and 3 phosphates
Which bases are pyrimidines and which are purines
Pyrimidines = C, U, T
Purines = G and A
What is non-overlapping code
When each base only joins one codon which synthesises 1 amino acid
What is a degenerate code
That some amino acids can be coded by one or more codon
What is universal code
Code is the same in the cells of most living things
What is a deletion mutation
When a nucleotide is deleted causing a frame shift
What is an insertion mutation
When a nucleotide is added causing a frame shift
What is a substitution mutation
When a nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide
What is a frame shift
When a nucleotide is added or deleted it causes all of the codons to change causing different amino acids to be coded
What effect does a mutation have
1) Change in base sequence
2) Change in primary structure
3) Change in bonding
4) Alters proteins tertiary structure
