22 - Hydrocarbons Flashcards
What are Hydrocarbons?
A compound containing ONLY hydrogen & carbon atoms
What is the Homologous series?
A family of organic compounds that have the same general formula (but different numbers of carbon atoms) and similar chemical properties
What are Alkanes?
A hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between the carbon atoms are single covalent bond
Give some examples of Alkanes:
- Methane
- Ethane
- Propane
- Butane
What is the general formula of Alkanes?
What’s the molecular formula of Methane?
And what does the structure look like?
What’s the molecular formula of Ethane?
And what does the structure look like?
What’s the molecular formula of Propane?
And what does the structure look like?
What’s the molecular formula of Butane?
And what does the structure look like?
What does Saturated mean?
A molecule that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms in a chain
Why are alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons?
All the carbon-carbon covalent bonds are single bonds
Therefore, Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons
What are Alkenes?
A hydrocarbon in which there are one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
Give some examples of Alkenes:
- Ethene
- Propene
- Butene
What’s the molecular formula of Ethene?
And what does the structure look like?
What’s the structure of Ethene?
What’s the molecular formula of Propene?
And what does the structure look like?
What’s the structure of Propene?
What’s the molecular formula of Butene?
And what does the structure look like?
What’s the structure of But-1-ene?
What’s the structure of But-2-ene?
What does unsaturated mean?
A molecule that contains only one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in a chain
What is the general formula of Alkenes?
What does a functional group mean?
It’s an atom or group of atoms that is mainly responsible for a molecules chemical properties
What is the functional group in an Alkene?
The carbon carbon double bond
C=C
Why are alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Unsaturated definition - A molecule that contains only one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in a chain
The molecules in Alkenes contain the functional group C=C
Therefore, they are unsaturated as one / or more molecules contain one or more double bonds
What is an Isomer?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms
When Hydrocarbons are burned what reactants are formed?
During complete combustion
Carbon dioxide & water
What is the main Alkane in natural gas?
Methane
What is Bromine water?
A dilute solution of bromine in water
What colour is Bromine water?
Orange - brown
How is bromine water used to distinguish Alkenes?
When bromine water is mixed with Alkenes a chemical reaction occurs
—> This leads to colourless products
How is bromine water used to distinguish Alkanes?
When bromine water is mixed with Alkanes NO chemical reaction occurs
—> Does NOT cause decolourisation
What is the word equation of the addition of Ethene and Bromine?
ethene + bromine —> 1,2 - Dibromoethane
What is the structural formula of the addition of Ethene and Bromine?
What is an Addition reaction?
A reaction in which reactants combine to form one larger product molecule & no other products
During combustion, what occurs?
Oxidation
