1 - States of Matter Flashcards
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, Liquid and Gas
Describe the arrangement of particles in a GAS particle model
Random
Far apart
Describe the arrangement of particles in a GAS particle model
Fast in all directions
Describe the movement of particles in a LIQUID particle model
Random
Close together
Describe the arrangement of particles in a LIQUID particle model
Move around each other
Describe the arrangement of particles in a SOLID particle model
Regular
Close together
Describe the arrangement of particles in a LIQUID particle model
Move around each other
Describe the arrangement of particles in a SOLID particle model
Vibrate around in fixed positions
What are state changes?
- PHYSICAL CHANGES
- Can be reversed
- Chemical properties of the substance don’t change
What is a physical change?
A state in which no new substances are formed, such as the changes of state
What is a chemical property?
How a substance reacts with other substances
What are attractive forces?
The weak forces of attraction between molecules
What is the composition of a pure substance?
- Cannot be changed
- Is the same in all parts of the substance
What is an element?
A simple substance only made up of one type of atom
What is a compound?
A substance that can be split into simpler substances bc it contains the atoms of 2 or more elements joined together
What is a mixture?
A substance containing 2 or more different substances that are not joined together
What is sublimation?
When a solid transforms into a gas without melting to form a liquid phase
What is deposition?
When a gas transforms straight into a solid
What is it called when a GAS becomes a LIQUID?
Condensing
What is it called when a LIQUID becomes a SOLID?
Freezing
What is it called when a SOLID becomes a LIQUID?
Melting
What is it called when a LIQUID becomes a GAS?
Evaporation / boiling
What is it called when a GAS becomes a SOLID?
Deposition
What is it called when a SOLID becomes a GAS?
Sublimation
How can you predict the state of a substance?
If you know its melting & boiling point
If a substance is below its melting point, what state will it be?
Solid
If a substance is between its melting & boiling point, what state will it be?
Liquid
If a substance is above its boiling point, what state will it be?
Gas
How are attractive forces between particles overcome during evaporation?
Energy must be transferred from the surroundings to the particles
This is why you heat ice to melt it or boil water in a kettle
How are attractive forces between particles formed during condensing / freezing?
Energy must be transferred from the particles to the surroundings
This is why water is put in a freezer to make ice
What is happening on these flat areas of the graph?
a - Solid is melting to a liquid
b - Liquid is boiling to a gas
Why does the temperature stay constant during a physical change?
Heat energy produced is used up in changing the state of matter and also for breaking numerous bonds or attractive forces
