2.2 Functional Groups

Question 1

when we consider reactivity we pay attention to…

Answer 1

the specific functional groups

Question 2

what are alkanes

Answer 2

they are a functional groups with single bonds between two (or more) carbons and between carbon and hydrogen

Question 3

do we usually label alkanes

Answer 3

no they are so common and and unreactive that we typically ignore them

Question 4

what functional group does not have pi bonds in them

Answer 4

alkanes

Question 5

if alkanes dont have rings in them they are said to be…

Answer 5

saturated (in hydrogens)

Question 6

pi bonds can be referred to as saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 6

unsaturations

Question 7

what are alkenes

Answer 7

functional groups with double bonds between two carbons

Question 8

the carbons in the alkene will be… (shape and hybridization)

Answer 8

sp2 (trigonal planar)

Question 9

what alkynes

Answer 9

they are functional groups with triple bonds between carbons

Question 10

the carbons in the alkynes will be… (shape and hybridization)

Answer 10

sp (linear)

Question 11

what are atomic rings

Answer 11

they are a functional groups with a ring with alternating single and double bonds between atoms

Question 12

what is a alcohol functional group

Answer 12

a group where a carbon is connected to an oxygen which is connected to a hydrogen OH

Question 13

what is the alcohol subdivided based on

Answer 13

the amount of carbons attached to the main carbon of the alcohol

Question 14

how many carbons connect to the main carbon of alcohol, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol

Answer 14

-alcohol- 0 C connect to main C
-primary alcohol- 1 C connects to main C
-secondary alcohol- 2 C connects to main C
-tertiary alcohol- 3 C connects to main C

Question 15

what is a ether functional group

Answer 15

a functional group where a carbon is connected to an oxygen, which is then connected to another carbon c-o-c

Question 16

what is a aldehyde functional group

Answer 16

a group where a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and connected to a hydrogen

Question 17

what is a ketone functional group

Answer 17

a group where a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and is connected to two other carbons

Question 18

what is a carboxylic acid functional group

Answer 18

a group where a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and is connected to another oxygen, which is connected to a hydrogen

Question 19

what is a ester functional group

Answer 19

a group where a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and is connected to another oxygen, which is connected to another carbon

Question 20

what is a hydrate

Answer 20

carbon is connected to two oxygens, which are both connected hydrogens

Question 21

what is a hemiacetals

Answer 21

group where a carbon is connected to two oxygens one of which is connected to a hydrogen and the other is connected to another carbon

Question 22

what are acetals

Answer 22

group where a carbon is connected to two oxygens, which are both connected to other carbons

Question 23

what are amides

Answer 23

a functinol group where a carbon is connected to an oxygen through a double bond and also connected to nitrogen

Question 24

what makes an amide, primary, secondary, tertiary amide

Answer 24

the amount of carbons attached to the N (for tertiary it is off the C)

Question 25

what are amines

Answer 25

a group where a nitrogen is connected to carbons and/or hydrogens

Question 26

what makes amines, primary, secondary, tertiary amine

Answer 26

the amount of of carbons coming off the N

Question 27

what is a nitro

Answer 27

a functional group where a nitrogen is connected to an oxygen through a double bond and also connected to another oxygen

Question 27

what is a nitros formal charges and over all charge

Answer 27

the nitrogen is cationic and one of the oxygens is anionic but over all charge is 0

Question 28

what is nitriles (sometimes called cyanides)

Answer 28

a group where a carbon is connected to a nitrogen through a triple bond

Question 29

what is a halides

Answer 29

a group where a carbon is connected to a halogen. (they may be subdivided into separate categories depending on which halogen is present

Question 30

what is thio-equivelents

Answer 30

a number of functional groups are simply the sulpher- analogues of common oxygen containing functional groups what we call groups where the O has been replaced with S ie.. R-SH (thioalcohol or thiol)

Question 31

what is a carbonyl

Answer 31

a carbon double bonded to an oxygen (with two other groups on the carbon)

Question 32

are carbonyls a functional group

Answer 32

no. however they are so common in so many groups and have simmular types of reactivity

Question 33

where can you see esters

Answer 33

in triglycerides

Question 34

what are acid halides

Answer 34

a group where a carbon id double bonded to a oxygen and connected to a halogen

Question 35

where are hemiacetals found in

Answer 35

sugars

Question 36

where are acetals found

Answer 36

in glucose + glucose chains

Question 37

where are amides found

Answer 37

they are how amino acids bond together to make proteins