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Chem 250 > 2.2 Functional Groups > Flashcards

2.2 Functional Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

when we consider reactivity we pay attention to…

A

the specific functional groups

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2
Q

what are alkanes

A

they are a functional groups with single bonds between two (or more) carbons and between carbon and hydrogen

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3
Q

do we usually label alkanes

A

no they are so common and and unreactive that we typically ignore them

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4
Q

what functional group does not have pi bonds in them

A

alkanes

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5
Q

if alkanes dont have rings in them they are said to be…

A

saturated (in hydrogens)

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6
Q

pi bonds can be referred to as saturated or unsaturated?

A

unsaturations

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7
Q

what are alkenes

A

functional groups with double bonds between two carbons

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8
Q

the carbons in the alkene will be… (shape and hybridization)

A

sp2 (trigonal planar)

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9
Q

what alkynes

A

they are functional groups with triple bonds between carbons

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10
Q

the carbons in the alkynes will be… (shape and hybridization)

A

sp (linear)

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11
Q

what are atomic rings

A

they are a functional groups with a ring with alternating single and double bonds between atoms

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12
Q

what is a alcohol functional group

A

a group where a carbon is connected to an oxygen which is connected to a hydrogen OH

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13
Q

what is the alcohol subdivided based on

A

the amount of carbons attached to the main carbon of the alcohol

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14
Q

how many carbons connect to the main carbon of alcohol, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol

A

-alcohol- 0 C connect to main C
-primary alcohol- 1 C connects to main C
-secondary alcohol- 2 C connects to main C
-tertiary alcohol- 3 C connects to main C

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15
Q

what is a ether functional group

A

a functional group where a carbon is connected to an oxygen, which is then connected to another carbon c-o-c

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16
Q

what is a aldehyde functional group

A

a group where a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and connected to a hydrogen

17
Q

what is a ketone functional group

A

a group where a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and is connected to two other carbons

18
Q

what is a carboxylic acid functional group

A

a group where a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and is connected to another oxygen, which is connected to a hydrogen

19
Q

what is a ester functional group

A

a group where a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and is connected to another oxygen, which is connected to another carbon

20
Q

what is a hydrate

A

carbon is connected to two oxygens, which are both connected hydrogens

21
Q

what is a hemiacetals

A

group where a carbon is connected to two oxygens one of which is connected to a hydrogen and the other is connected to another carbon

22
Q

what are acetals

A

group where a carbon is connected to two oxygens, which are both connected to other carbons

23
Q

what are amides

A

a functinol group where a carbon is connected to an oxygen through a double bond and also connected to nitrogen

24
Q

what makes an amide, primary, secondary, tertiary amide

A

the amount of carbons attached to the N (for tertiary it is off the C)

25
Q

what are amines

A

a group where a nitrogen is connected to carbons and/or hydrogens

26
Q

what makes amines, primary, secondary, tertiary amine

A

the amount of of carbons coming off the N

27
Q

what is a nitro

A

a functional group where a nitrogen is connected to an oxygen through a double bond and also connected to another oxygen

27
Q

what is a nitros formal charges and over all charge

A

the nitrogen is cationic and one of the oxygens is anionic but over all charge is 0

28
Q

what is nitriles (sometimes called cyanides)

A

a group where a carbon is connected to a nitrogen through a triple bond

29
Q

what is a halides

A

a group where a carbon is connected to a halogen. (they may be subdivided into separate categories depending on which halogen is present

30
Q

what is thio-equivelents

A

a number of functional groups are simply the sulpher- analogues of common oxygen containing functional groups

what we call groups where the O has been replaced with S

ie.. R-SH (thioalcohol or thiol)

31
Q

what is a carbonyl

A

a carbon double bonded to an oxygen (with two other groups on the carbon)

32
Q

are carbonyls a functional group

A

no. however they are so common in so many groups and have simmular types of reactivity

33
Q

where can you see esters

A

in triglycerides

34
Q

what are acid halides

A

a group where a carbon id double bonded to a oxygen and connected to a halogen

35
Q

where are hemiacetals found in

A

sugars

36
Q

where are acetals found

A

in glucose + glucose chains

37
Q

where are amides found

A

they are how amino acids bond together to make proteins

Chem 250 (18 decks)

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