22- CONTENT ANALYSIS / CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS Flashcards
what is it ?
an analysis of the content of communications , summarises and interprets meanings within content - textual analysis
useful for description , explanation , examining secondary data
steps in content analysis
preliminary stage - preparation - organising - decide on a UNIT OF ANALYSIS AND CODE THE DATA
reporting - what are the patterns you notice?
MANIFEST CA
focuses on surface level
LATENT CA
does beyond surface level
organising
Deductive coding vs inductive coding
deductive - researchers work from PRE EXISTING THEMES-from existing theories and research
Inductive - immerse themselves in documents to identify diff themes
Reporting
conceptual vs relational
conceptual = how often a concept appears- does not examine relationships between concepts
Relational- goes beyond just identifying concepts and examines how they are related within a text
advantages of CA
- unobtrusive data collection - dont need direct involvement of participants
-transparent and replicable - follows systematic procedure which can be easily replicated - yielding high reliability in results
highly flexible - can conduct at any time
disadvantages of CA
REDUCTIVE - disregards context nuance and ambiguous meanings
SUBJECTIVE - can affect reliability and validity of results + conclusions
TIME INTENSIVE - manually coding large vols of text
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS MEANING
qualitative approach for critically describing interpreting and explaining the ways in which discourses construct maintain and legitimise social inequalities
the ideological square
positive self , negative other
three dimensional approach
text
-image , linguistic features
discursive practices
-key themes , how speech distributed , media responses
social practice
-how these themes shape social context
us vs them dichotomies reinforce existing inequalities
discursive strategies
nomination , predication , argumentation
nomination
construction of social actors situations events , etc through use of metaphors nouns verbs
predication
concerns the way that persons or things described are presented - positively negatively - through stereotypes comparisons
argumentation
relates to arguments that are employed to substantiate the positions defended in a discourse -justify transition from argument to conclusion to make claims of truth -
steps of CDA
-identify discourse related to injustice or inequality , locate and prep data sources , code text and identify overarching themes , analyse both external and internal relations in text
what does CDA do
-studies critiques and exposes the discursive reproduction of power via language
