2.2 Connective And Adipose Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Function of connective tissue? (6

A
  1. Connecting
  2. Transportation
  3. Protection
  4. Storage
  5. Defence
  6. Wound healing
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2
Q

What are the components of Connective Tissue (3)

A
  1. Cells
  2. Extracellular matrix
    - Fibres - collagen, reticular, elastin
    - Ground substance
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3
Q

Name the fibres in Connective Tissue

A

Collagen, Reticular, Elastin

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4
Q

What is the ground substance made of?

A
  1. Hyaluronan molecules
  2. Made of proteoglycans
  3. Made of glycosaminoglycans

Viscous, clear, water attracting gel like substance

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5
Q

What is Loose Connective Tissue and where is it located?

A

Lots of cells, sparse collagen fibres, abundant ground substance

Located beneath epithelial in the dermis

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6
Q

What is Dense Connective Tissue and where is it located?

A

Not many cells (main is fibroblast), lots of collagen fibres, very little ground substance

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7
Q

What is an Aponeurosis?

A

Flat sheet of regular CT 90 degrees to adjacent layers

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8
Q

List the wondering cells and fixed cells in connective tissue?

A

Wandering - leucocytes, plasma cells, macrophages

Fixed - fibroblasts, melanocytes, mast cells, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cell

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9
Q

What is a mesenchymal stem cell?

A

Able to develop into any type of connective tissue

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10
Q

What is a fibroblast and what is its function?

A
  1. Synthesis and secrete extracellular matrix (GS+fibres)

2. Important in wound healing and formation of scar tissue

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11
Q

What is a mast cell and what is its function? (3)

A
  1. Release histamine (increase blood vessel permeability)
  2. Release heparin (anticoagulant)
  3. Responds to allergens
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12
Q

How is collagen produced? (4)

A
  1. Fibroblasts secrete procollagen molecules
  2. Pro collagen converted to collagen outside cell
  3. Collagen molecules aggregate forming fibrils
  4. Fibrils aggregate forming fibres
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13
Q

Name of disease caused by abnormal type 1 collagen?

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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14
Q

What are reticular fibres?

A

“Thin” collagen
Made of type 3 collagen
Forms a fine meshwork for support
E.g. Lymphnode

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15
Q

What is Marfans syndrome?

A

Expression of fibrillin gene abnormal
Elastic tissue abnormal
People v. Tall, arachnodactyl, risk of aortic rupture

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16
Q

What is white adipose tissue?

A

Unilocular - adipose cells filled with single fat droplet, nucleus on side.

Function - fuel reserve, insulation, shock absorption

17
Q

What is brown adipose tissue?

A

Multilocular - adipose cells filled with multiple lipid droplets and central nucleus.
Brown due to vast vascular supply and abundant mitochondria (heat generation)
Found near scapula, sternum, new born

18
Q

Two types of Dense CT?

A

1) regular
- collagen fibres arranged parallel and tightly packed
- withstand stress in a single direction
- e.g tendons, ligaments, apneurosis
2) irregular
- collagen fibres arranged in bundles orientated in different directions
- withstand stress in multiple direction
- submucosa of intestine, deep layers of dermis

19
Q

Functions of collagen, reticular and elastin fibres.

A
  1. Collagen - high tensile strength
  2. Reticular - supporting framework
  3. Elastin - recoil after distension