2.2: Communication Strategies Flashcards
A communication strategy is a course of _____________ taken to _____________ communication and to facilitate _____________________ interaction.
action; enhance; conversational
The goal of Communication Strategies Training is to develop skills that will help the client handle difficult communication situations ________________ and _____________________.
Assertively; Independently
T/F: HI Individuals and their families can figure out communication strategies on their own.
False. Training and practice are necessary.
What are some examples of conversational rules?
Engaging in speaking partner’s interest
Give and take
Staying on topic
Conveying message succinctly to retain interest
What are the 4 conversational styles?
Passive
Aggressive
Passive-Aggressive
Assertive
What is the most common conversational style for persons with HL?
Passive
Which conversational style is most desirable for persons with HL?
Assertive
What are some qualities of an assertive communicator?
Not afraid to disclose HL
Ask for, do not demand help
Not afraid to use advocate for themselves and employ communication strategies
Get their needs met
Why is the most common communication style for HI persons passive?
Fear. They isolate, withdraw and bluff for fear of not being able to communicate well. They feel frustrated and perceive a passive approach to be easier.
What are the types of Communication Strategies? (6)
Facilitative Constructive Adaptive Anticipatory Maladaptive Repair
What are the 4 factors that facilitative strategies can influence (4 factors that contribute to speech recognition performance)
Speaker
Message
Environment
Listener
Name facilitative strategies involving the speaker
Slow down
Speak clearly
Don’t exaggerate
Name facilitative strategies involving the message
Simplify vocab and syntax Use concrete vocabulary Use closed-set questions Maintain topic Noun-verb-object structures
Name facilitative strategies involving the environment
Ensure favorable SNR
Face the speaker
Ensure optimal lighting
Decrease visual distractions
Name facilitative strategies involving the listener (HI person)
Breathing, relaxing
Dealing with emotions
Attending to cues, speechreading
Anticipating possible vocab based on topic
Predicting possible barriers to signal clarity and knowing how to fix
Type of Strategies that enhance the communication environment
Constructive Strategies
Constructive Strategies (7)
Optimize Lighting Optimize Proximity to speaker Minimize background noise Avoid Reverberant Settings Arrive Early for Preferred Seating Eliminate Visual Distractions Minimize glare on speaker
Methods of counteracting maladaptive behaviors that stem from HL; they decrease anxiety while enhancing message recognition
Adaptive Strategies
What are some examples of adaptive strategies?
Taking a deep breath
Consciously Relaxing
Redirecting Thoughts
Methods of preparing for a communication interaction to minimize difficulties
Anticipatory Strategies
What are some Anticipatory Strategies?
Think about relevant vocabulary
Read up on information (before a mtg., e.g.)
Pay attention to body language
Pay attention to situational cues
Strategies used when a communication breakdown has already occurred
Repair Strategies
What are the two types of repair strategies? What do they refer to?
Receptive: Used when HI has not understood the communication.
Expressive: Used when HI uses speech that others do not understand.
What are two different ways the HI can execute a receptive repair strategy? Which is more effective?
Non-specific: simply asking “what?” or “huh?”
Specific: HI asks for particular information that wasn’t heard clearly; shows partner that HI person was listening (better)
What are some things the talker can do to facilitate understanding? (10)
Slow down Get Close Speak Clearly Rephrase State the topic Use gestures Confirm details Note background noise Get the listener's attention Do not shout
What are the 3 possible courses of action following a communication breakdown?
Use Repair Strategy
Disregard Utterance
Bluff
When several repair strategies are needed to mend a communication breakdown
Extended Repair
What are the 4 steps in the Process of Using Strategies?
Anticipate source of possible difficulty
Implement facilitative strategy ( S, M, E, L)
Determine Whether Difficulty is resolved
If not, use repair strategy
A repair that indicates a lack of understanding
Nonspecific repair
A repair that provides explicit instructions to the communication partner about how to repair the breakdown
Specific repair
