2.2: Communication Strategies

Question 1

A communication strategy is a course of _____________ taken to _____________ communication and to facilitate _____________________ interaction.

Answer 1

action; enhance; conversational

Question 2

The goal of Communication Strategies Training is to develop skills that will help the client handle difficult communication situations ________________ and _____________________.

Answer 2

Assertively; Independently

Question 3

T/F: HI Individuals and their families can figure out communication strategies on their own.

Answer 3

False. Training and practice are necessary.

Question 4

What are some examples of conversational rules?

Answer 4

Engaging in speaking partner’s interest
Give and take
Staying on topic
Conveying message succinctly to retain interest

Question 5

What are the 4 conversational styles?

Answer 5

Passive
Aggressive
Passive-Aggressive
Assertive

Question 6

What is the most common conversational style for persons with HL?

Answer 6

Passive

Question 7

Which conversational style is most desirable for persons with HL?

Answer 7

Assertive

Question 8

What are some qualities of an assertive communicator?

Answer 8

Not afraid to disclose HL
Ask for, do not demand help
Not afraid to use advocate for themselves and employ communication strategies
Get their needs met

Question 9

Why is the most common communication style for HI persons passive?

Answer 9

Fear. They isolate, withdraw and bluff for fear of not being able to communicate well. They feel frustrated and perceive a passive approach to be easier.

Question 10

What are the types of Communication Strategies? (6)

Answer 10

Facilitative
Constructive
Adaptive
Anticipatory
Maladaptive
Repair

Question 11

What are the 4 factors that facilitative strategies can influence (4 factors that contribute to speech recognition performance)

Answer 11

Speaker
Message
Environment
Listener

Question 12

Name facilitative strategies involving the speaker

Answer 12

Slow down
Speak clearly
Don’t exaggerate

Question 13

Name facilitative strategies involving the message

Answer 13

Simplify vocab and syntax
Use concrete vocabulary
Use closed-set questions
Maintain topic 
Noun-verb-object structures

Question 14

Name facilitative strategies involving the environment

Answer 14

Ensure favorable SNR
Face the speaker
Ensure optimal lighting
Decrease visual distractions

Question 15

Name facilitative strategies involving the listener (HI person)

Answer 15

Breathing, relaxing
Dealing with emotions
Attending to cues, speechreading
Anticipating possible vocab based on topic
Predicting possible barriers to signal clarity and knowing how to fix

Question 16

Type of Strategies that enhance the communication environment

Answer 16

Constructive Strategies

Question 17

Constructive Strategies (7)

Answer 17

Optimize Lighting
Optimize Proximity to speaker
Minimize background noise 
Avoid Reverberant Settings 
Arrive Early for Preferred Seating
Eliminate Visual Distractions 
Minimize glare on speaker

Question 18

Methods of counteracting maladaptive behaviors that stem from HL; they decrease anxiety while enhancing message recognition

Answer 18

Adaptive Strategies

Question 19

What are some examples of adaptive strategies?

Answer 19

Taking a deep breath
Consciously Relaxing
Redirecting Thoughts

Question 20

Methods of preparing for a communication interaction to minimize difficulties

Answer 20

Anticipatory Strategies

Question 21

What are some Anticipatory Strategies?

Answer 21

Think about relevant vocabulary
Read up on information (before a mtg., e.g.)
Pay attention to body language
Pay attention to situational cues

Question 22

Strategies used when a communication breakdown has already occurred

Answer 22

Repair Strategies

Question 23

What are the two types of repair strategies? What do they refer to?

Answer 23

Receptive: Used when HI has not understood the communication.
Expressive: Used when HI uses speech that others do not understand.

Question 24

What are two different ways the HI can execute a receptive repair strategy? Which is more effective?

Answer 24

Non-specific: simply asking “what?” or “huh?”
Specific: HI asks for particular information that wasn’t heard clearly; shows partner that HI person was listening (better)

Question 25

What are some things the talker can do to facilitate understanding? (10)

Answer 25

Slow down
Get Close
Speak Clearly
Rephrase
State the topic
Use gestures 
Confirm details
Note background noise
Get the listener's attention
Do not shout

Question 26

What are the 3 possible courses of action following a communication breakdown?

Answer 26

Use Repair Strategy
Disregard Utterance
Bluff

Question 27

When several repair strategies are needed to mend a communication breakdown

Answer 27

Extended Repair

Question 28

What are the 4 steps in the Process of Using Strategies?

Answer 28

Anticipate source of possible difficulty
Implement facilitative strategy ( S, M, E, L)
Determine Whether Difficulty is resolved
If not, use repair strategy

Question 29

A repair that indicates a lack of understanding

Answer 29

Nonspecific repair

Question 30

A repair that provides explicit instructions to the communication partner about how to repair the breakdown

Answer 30

Specific repair