2.2 Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is the purpose of Aerobic respiration?

Answer 1

To convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP

Question 2

What is the first stage of aerobic respiration known as?

Answer 2

Glycolysis

Question 3

Where in the cell does glycolysis take place?

Answer 3

In the cytoplasm

Question 4

ATP is initially used in glycolysis, what is the energy released used for?

Answer 4

To power cellular processes
E.G MATS

Question 5

What is ATP broken down to?

Answer 5

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) + Pi

Question 6

How many ATP are used in the first stage of glycolysis?

Answer 6

2 ATP

Question 7

How many ATP are generated in total in Glycolysis?

Answer 7

4 ATP

Question 8

What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis?

Answer 8

2 ATP

Question 9

Why is there a ‘net’ gain of ATP?

Answer 9

Because 4 ATP are produced but 2 ATP are used

Question 10

What is removed from the intermediate molecule in glycolysis?

Answer 10

Hydrogen ions and electrons

Question 11

What is the name of the enzyme that removes hydrogen ions and electrons?

Answer 11

Dehydrogenase enzymes

Question 12

What is the name of the co-enzyme that picks up the hydrogen ions and electrons?

Answer 12

NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

Question 13

Where will the hydrogen ions and electrons be transported?

Answer 13

To the electron transport chain

Question 14

What compound is formed at the end of Glycolysis?

Answer 14

Pyruvate (x2)

Question 15

What are the two stages of glycolysis

Answer 15

1. Energy investment stage
2. Energy pay off stage

Question 16

What is formed when pyruvate is broken down in aerobic conditions?

Answer 16

Acetyl coenzyme A

Question 17

What does the acetyl group combine with in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 17

Oxaloacetate

Question 18

What is the result of citrate being converted back into oxaloacetate?

Answer 18

Generation of ATP and release of carbon dioxide

Question 19

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

Answer 19

In the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 20

What role do dehydrogenase enzymes play in cellular respiration?

Answer 20

Remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to NAD

Question 21

What is formed when hydrogen ions and electrons are passed to NAD?

Answer 21

NADH

Question 22

Where are the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH passed to?

Answer 22

The electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The citric acid cycle starts with the combination of _______ and oxaloacetate.

Answer 23

Acetyl group

Question 24

What is ATP synthesis?

Answer 24

The process where electrons are passed along the electron transport chain releasing energy.

Question 25

Where is the electron transport chain located?

Answer 25

Attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 26

What does the energy released in the electron transport chain allow?

Answer 26

Hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 27

What is the role of ATP synthase?

Answer 27

Facilitates the flow of hydrogen ions back through the membrane, resulting in ATP production.

Question 28

What do hydrogen ions and electrons combine with to form water?

Answer 28

Oxygen.

Question 29

Where does fermentation occur in the absence of oxygen?

Answer 29

In the cytoplasm

Question 30

What is pyruvate converted to in animal cells during fermentation?

Answer 30

Lactate
This conversion occurs in a reversible reaction.

Question 31

What are the end products of fermentation in plants and yeast?

Answer 31

Ethanol and CO2
This process occurs in an irreversible reaction.

Question 32

How does the ATP production of fermentation compare to aerobic respiration?

Answer 32

Much less ATP is produced