2.2 - asidau, basau a halwynau Flashcards

1
Q

asid

A
  • gwerth pH llai na 7

- rhyddhau ionau H+

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2
Q

alcali

A
  • gwerth pH mwy na 7
  • rhyddhau ionau OH-
  • hydawdd mewn dwr
  • gallu ei ddefnyddio i niwtraleiddio asid
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3
Q

bas

A
  • unrhyw sylwedd sy’n niwtraleiddio asid
  • gallu derbyn ionau H+
  • gallu bod yn hydawdd neu anhydawdd
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4
Q

niwtral

A
  • lefel pH o 7
  • achosi i ddangosydd troi’n wyrdd
  • ddim yn asid neu alcali
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5
Q

halwynau

A
  • cyfansoddyn ionig sy’n cael ei ffurfio rhwng asid a bas

- cynnwys ion metel positif ac ion anfetel negatif

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6
Q

asid hydroclorig

A
  • HCl

- asid cryf

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7
Q

asid sylffwrig

A
  • H2SO4

- asid cryf

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8
Q

asid nitrig

A
  • HNO3

- asid cryf

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9
Q

asid ethanoig

A
  • CH3COOH

- asid gwan

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10
Q

H+

A
  • gan pob asid elfen Hydrogen
  • lot o H+ = asid cryf
  • dim lot o H+ = asid gwan
  • gwanedig = ychwanegwyd dwr
  • crynodedig = dim llawer o ddwr
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11
Q

hafaliad ionig am niwtraleiddio

A

H+ (d) + OH- (d) → H2O (h)

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12
Q

metel ocsid + asid

A

→ halwyn + dwr

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13
Q

metel hydrocsid (alcali) + asid

A

→ halwyn + dwr

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14
Q

metel carbonad + asid

A

→ halwyn + dwr + carbon deuocsid

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15
Q

metel + asid

A

→ halwyn + hydrogen

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16
Q

profi am hydrogen

A

prawf pop

17
Q

profi am carbon deuocsid

A

prawf dwr calch

18
Q

profi am ionau carbonad

A

ychwanegu asid → eferwad carbon deuocsid = ionau carbonad

19
Q

hafaliadau creu crisialau copr sylffad

A

Asid Sylffwrig + Copr Ocsid → Copr Sylffad + Dwr
H2SO4 + Cu2O2 → CuSO4 + H2O
Asid Sylffwrig + Copr Carbonad → Copr Sylffad + Dwr + Carbon Deuocsid
H2SO4 + Cu2(CO3)2 → CuSO4 + H2O + CO2

20
Q

creu halwynau

A
  • ychwanegu gormodedd o’r solid at asid
  • troelli
  • hidlo
  • anweddu
21
Q

creu halwynau anhydawdd

A
  • adweithio dau halwynhydawdd â’i gilydd mewnadwaith gwaddod
    e.e. arian nitrad + sodiwm clorid → sodiwm nitrad + arian clorid
    AgNO3(d) + NaCl(d) → NaNO3(d) + AgCl(s)
  • hidlo’r gwaddod, ei olchi â dŵr ar y papur hidlo, ac yna ei sychu mewn ffwrn
22
Q

profi am ionau sylffad

A

cymysgu hydoddiant bariwm clorid / bariwm nitrad hefo hydoddiant sy’n cynnwys ïonau sylffad → ffurfio gwaddod gwyn

23
Q

prawf fflam → fflam gwyrdd

A

copr carbonad

24
Q

prawf fflam → lliw brics coch

A

calsiwm sylffad

25
Q

prawf fflam → lliw melyn

A

sodiwm iodid

26
Q

troi papur litmws llaith o coch i las

A
  • amoniwm clorid

- amoniwm carbonad

27
Q

n, m, mr

A

mas = nifer molau x mr

28
Q

n, c, v

A

nifer y molau = crynodiad x cyfaint