2.2

Question 1

Basal metabolic rate is the …

Answer 1

rate at which we use energy to keep ourselves alive while we are at rest, but not asleep

Question 2

To measure BMR, subject must:

Answer 2

• be completely at rest
• be lying down in the warm
• not have eaten for 12 hours

Question 3

Our BMR drops as we age, mainly because people have

Answer 3

fewer metabolically active cells as they get older

Question 4

Cardiac output =

Answer 4

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 5

Cardiac muscle cells become smaller and may be lost during aging, this is especially likely if the person does not..

Answer 5

exercise regularly

Question 6

(Nerve conduction velocity) As people age, nerve cells (neurones) gradually die. These are not replaced, so as people get older they have…

Answer 6

fewer neurones in their brain and the rest of the nervous system

Question 7

(Nerve conduction velocity) The speed at which impulses pass along neurones become slower. This happens because the myelin sheath that insulates neurones becomes…

Answer 7

thinner, so more ions leak out of the membrane surrounding the neurones

Question 8

(Nerve conduction velocity) Synapses produce less transmitter substance as people age, this also makes the overall rate at which impulses are transmitted along nerves…

Answer 8

slower

Question 9

(Female reproductive capacity) The menopause is the time of the

Answer 9

last menstrual cycle of a woman and usually occurs between the ages of 50-54 (may occur as early as 35 or as late as 59)

Question 10

(Female reproductive capacity) the cause of menopause is the lack of

Answer 10

follicles in the ovary

Question 11

(Female reproductive capacity) by the time the woman reaches menopause no follicles are left, which means that she is

Answer 11

infertile

Question 12

(Female reproductive capacity) When a follicle develops it secretes oestrogen - therefore, once a woman has reached the age of menopause she no longer has oestrogen..

Answer 12

circulating in her blood

Question 13

(Female reproductive capacity)As the concentration of oestrogen in the woman’s blood decreases, the concentration of FSH and LH

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

(Female reproductive capacity) FSH and LH reach their maximum concentration 1-3 years after the woman’s last menstruation. But then their concentration gradually

Answer 14

decreases

Question 15

(Female reproductive capacity) Lack of oestrogen may cause:

Answer 15

• Hot flushes
• Vaginal dryness
• Psychological problems

Question 16

(Female reproductive capacity)Oestrogen reduces the chances of a woman developing coronary heart disease but after the menopause, women have the same chance of developing CHD as

Answer 16

men

Question 17

(Female reproductive capacity) Lack of oestrogen also causes a reduction in bone density, in some women this becomes so severe that they suffer from

Answer 17

osteoporosis

Question 18

(Female reproductive capacity) Some women take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) following the menopause. This consists of low doses of

Answer 18

oestrogen and progesterone to reduce symptoms associated with menopause