21st Century Literature Flashcards
- A literary genre which encompasses a number of different genres of fiction, each with speculative elements that are based on conjecture and do not exist in the real world.
- Sometimes called what-if books or stories; changes the laws of what’s real or what’s possible in our current society, and speculates on the outcome.
Speculative Fiction
Subgenres
Fantasy
Science Fiction
Horror
Utopia
Dystopia
False Utopia
Alternate History
Apocalyptic
Post-Apocalyptic
Superhero
Supernatural
Includes elements and beings originating from or inspired by traditional stories such as mythical creatures.
Fantasy
Terrifying stories that incite fear
Horror
Features technologies and other elements that do not exist in real life but may be supposed to be created or discovered in the future through scientific advancement.
Science Fiction
Takes place in a highly desirable and problem-free society.
Utopia
Takes place in a highly undesirable society
Dystopia
Focuses on groups of survivors after a massive, worldwide disaster.
Post-Apocalyptic
Switch tactic where everything seems perfect on the surface.
False Utopia
Focuses on historical events as if they happened in a different way
Alternate History
Takes place before and during a massive, worldwide catastrophe.
Apocalyptic
Centers on superheroes and their fight against evil forces.
Superhero
Exploits or requires some contradictions of the common place natural world.
Supernatural
A frail man bullied by other people but gets an incredible strength from a magical bell that makes him a superhero.
Enteng/Captain Barbell
An ordinary person who gains superpowers through a magical amulet that guides him in fighting mythical creatures.
Pedro Penduko
An ordinary person who gains superpowers through a magical amulet that guides him in fighting mythical creatures.
Pedro Penduko
Has unique abilities to stretch his body like rubber and can form into his desired shape.
Lastikman
Accidentally engulfs a chemical-laden spider that gives an ability like spiderman.
Gagamboy
- The ruling idea of the ruling group that it implants, propagates, and perpetuates so they can keep their ruling status
- The structure of society assumed as the natural order of things
Ideology
Ordinary girl transforms into a mighty heroine with super strength and flying abilities after swallowing a magical stone.
Darna
- When a state is indirectly controlled by another state via the route of what the former believes in about the latter.
- The economic and political policies by which a great power indirectly maintains or extends its influence over other areas or people.
Neocolonialism
The process of offering a role to another
Interpellation
- A movement that came after colonialism and is against colonialism; the concept of moving forward after the powers of the colonizers have been shaken off.
- Questioning previous assumptions accepted; rejecting detrimental effects of the colonizing culture; maximizing the good derived from the colonial experience.
Post Colonialism
How are these roles maintaned?
Repressive State Apparatus (RSA)
Ideal State Apparatus (ISA)
The force of the government which makes sure the objects of interpellation stay within boundaries.
Repressive State Apparatus (RSA)
Enforcing images of the ‘ideal’ repetitively by convincing the person to stay in role and keep the given identity
Ideal State Apparatus (ISA)
How did we resist?
Rejection
Appropriation
Complete avoidance of an influence from the colonizer.
Rejection
The process of using a foreign form or material to further the goals of one what is fighting for.
Appropriation
Reading Strategies
Analyzing
Summarizing
Annotating
Responding
Contextualizing
Reading Strategies: Looking for evidences, sources and author’s biases
Analyzing
Reading Strategies: Identifying the main ideas in the text and expressing them again in one’s own words.
Summarizing
Reading Strategies: Considering the historical, cultural or biographical context of the text.
Contextualizing
Reading Strategies: Highlighting or making notes of important ideas on the text.
Annotating
Reading Strategies: Drawing meaning from what was read and represented in writing or in speech.
Responding
- Refers to the background, environment, framework, or events; the details or information that enable readers to understand a literary work.
- Being a bridge from writer to reader
Context
An author’s life, history, experiences, motivation for writing
Biographical
What was going on in the author’s life?
Biographical
How does this work fit into the author’s life?
Biographical
What personal circumstances, or specific event, either at the time of composition or in the past, motivated the author to write it?
Biographical
Are there striking or dramatic words in the text?
Linguistic
The choice, arrangement or use of words in the text.
Linguistic
What are literary devices or images?
Linguistic
What is the structure/form of the text?
Linguistic
What is the text saying about the world in general?
Linguistic
Response or reference to another work; influences
Literary
How is this work different or similar to other texts?
Literary
What other works influenced the text?
Literary
How does this work reflect or react to principles presented in other texts?
Literary
Depiction of society, classes, social issues in the text.
Socio-cultural
What is the relationship between the characters or the speakers in the text and their society?
Socio-cultural
Does the text address social issues?
Socio-cultural
How does this story reflect the nation?
Socio-cultural
trends the text promotes or rejects; ideas or beliefs the text provides
Philosophical
What philosophy or belief does this text admire or reject?
Philosophical
How does this work demonstrate a general truth or observation?
Philosophical
How does the author attempt to answer questions about human conditions?
Philosophical
- A commitment to a set of principles or values of self-determination, immanent value, affirmation, mutuality, and care.
- Eliminates oppression, domination, and hierarchy in all manifestations; a way of living one’s lives and acting in ways that allows others to make choices that affirm them and their perspectives, and that do not oppress and exploit.
- Focuses on the achievement of equality for women with men and the development of opportunities for women’s expression and self-fulfilment in all realms of life, without the constraints of gender expectations.
Feminism
The Feminist Perspective
It invalidates values and experiences often associated with women.
It gives voice to individuals marginalized and devalued by the domain culture.
It establishes a value system that privileges mutuality, respect, caring, power-with, and interconnection.
It eradicates the ideology of domination
Women in Literature
- In the study by Dials (2017), the following images of women can be gleaned
submissive
frail
assertive
modern.
Emerging Roles of Women
Wife/Mother
Independent
Revolutionary/Activist
Pleasure Seeker
