219: Haemoptysis Flashcards
what is haematemasis?
blood brought up from the GI tract.
What is haemoptysis?
bloody sputum from below the larynx
what is bronchiectasis?
abnormal and permanent dilation of the proximal bronchioles due to inflammation and mucus stasis. (infection, inflammation, lung injury)
Main feature of bronchiectasis?
persistant productive cough with purulent foul smelling sputum.
three risk factors for pulmonary embolism?
prothrombic state, immobility, history of previous vascular thrombi tic state.
Pulmonary Embolism presentation?
sudden onset, pluritic pain, dyspnoa, hypoxia, collapse. signs of a DVT.
what is D dimer?
fibrin degradation product. +ive result = increased D dimer.
ECG in PE
S wave in 1, Q wave and inverted T wave in 3
if there eis right ventricular strain there will be ST depression and T wave inversion in right sided leads (V1-3, 2, 3 and AVF).
Three contributors to Virchow’s Traid…
blood flow, blood constitutes and injury to endothelium
what is Kartagener’s syndrome?
autosomal recessive inherited syndrome. defects in the structure and function of sensory and motile cilia result in multiple ciliopathies.
what is pulmonary Arterial Hypertension?
high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries.
what is pulmonary venous hypertension?
increased pressure in the pulmonary veins - usually linked to left sided heart failure or valve disease.
