2.1.4 Acids

Question 1

What’s a nuetralisation reaction.

Answer 1

Acid + base react to form water and salt.

The reaction results in a neutral solution, meaning that the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) is equal, leading to a pH of 7.

Question 2

What does the reaction including an Acid + A Carbonate form
e.g lithium carbonate and hydrogen nitrate

Answer 2

Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Question 3

What does the reaction including an Acid + Base form.

Answer 3

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Question 4

What does the reaction including an Acid + Metal oxide form.
e.g magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid

Answer 4

Acid + Metal Oxide → Salt + Water

Question 5

What does the reaction including an Acid + Metal hydroxide form.
e.g sodium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfate

Answer 5

Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Salt + Water

a neutralisation happens

Question 6

How can you tell if a reactant is an acid or a base.

Answer 6

To determine whether a substance is an acid or a base, count the hydrogens on each substance before and after the reaction. If the number of hydrogens has decreased that substance is the acid (donates hydrogen ions). If the number of hydrogens has increased that substance is the base (accepts hydrogen ions).

Litmus paper test:
- Acids turn blue litmus paper red
- bases turn red litmus paper blue.

Question 7

What does a reaction including an Acid + hydrogencarbonate form.

Answer 7

acid + hydrogencarbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 8

Name the common acids

Answer 8

• Hydrochloric acid (HCL)
• Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
• Nitic acid (HNO₃)
• Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH)

Question 9

Name the common bases

Answer 9

• Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
• Sodium hydroxide ( NaOH)
• Barium Hydroxide ( Ba(OH)₂)

Question 10

What is an acid

Answer 10

• A substance that forms aqueous solutions with a pH of less than 7
• Acids dissociates in a solution to give H⁺ ions
• A substance that is capable of donating a proton e.g hydrogen ion.

Question 11

What is an alkali

Answer 11

• A substance that forms aqueous solutions with a pH of more than 7
• Alkali’s dissociates in water to give OH^- ions

Question 12

What is a base ?

Answer 12

• A substance that accepts protons.

Question 13

What is a strong acid ?

Answer 13

A acid that completely/fullly ionizes in aqueous solutions.

Question 14

What is meant by a weak acid.

Answer 14

A acid that partially ionizes in aqueous solutions.

• The ionisation of a weak acid is a reversible reaction, which sets up an equilibrium between the undissociated and dissociated acid. Since only few of the acid particles release H⁺ ions, the position of equilibrium lies well to the left. e.g ethanoic acid

Question 15

whats is pH the measure of ?

Answer 15

The concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 16

For every increase of 1 on the pH scale what happens ?

Answer 16

The concentration of H⁺ decreases by a factor of 10.

Question 17

What does the concentration of an acid tell us ?

Answer 17

It tell us the number of moles of solute dissolved in every dm³every of solvent.

In other words it tells you how much acid there is a certain volume of water.

Question 18

What does a reaction including an Metal + water form.

Answer 18

Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Question 19

Reactivity series

Answer 19

Question 20

What does a reaction including an Acid + Metal form. e. Calcium and Hydrogen sulfate.

Answer 20

Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
(not a neutralisation reaction)

Question 21

Ammonia reaction with water

Answer 21

Question 22

Ammonia reaction with acids (hydrogen sulfate)

Answer 22