2.1.4 +2.1.5 Acids + Redox Flashcards
When an acid is added to water, what ion is released into the solution?
Hydrogen ion, H+
Define acid
Proton donor
Describe the dissociation of a strong acid
Full dissociation
Define base
Proton aceptor
What base is used to treat acid indigestion?
Magnesium hydroxide
What are alkali?
Bases that can dissolve in water to form aqueous hydroxide ions
What are atmospheric substances?
Substances that can act as acids and bases
What is formed when acid reacts with carbonate?
Salt, carbon dioxide and water
What is a salt?
A compound that is formed when H+ of an ion is replaced by a metal ion or positive ion
What is formed when acids react with metal oxides?
Salt and water
What is formed when acid reacts with alkali?
Salt and water
What is formed when acid reacts with a metal?
Salt and hydrogen
Why are the products same when acids react with alkali or metal oxide?
Both alkali and metal oxides are types of bases
How are ammonium salts formed?
When acid reacts with aqueous ammonia
What are hydrated crystals?
A crystalline structure containing water
What does anhydrous crystals mean?
Crystalline form that contains no water
What does a dot formula indicate?
The amount of water present in a crystalline structure
What is the colour of methyl orange in an acid base and at end point?
Acid red
base yellow,
endpoint orange
What is an oxidation number?
The number of electrons in atom uses to bond with any other atom
What is the oxidation number of an uncombined element such as C, H or O2?
0
What is the oxidation number of combined oxygen such as in H2O?
-2
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in peroxide?
-1
What is the oxidation number of combined hydrogen such as in NH3 or H2S?
+1
What is the oxidation number of combined hydrogen and metal hydroxide such as LiH?
-1
What is the oxidation number of a simple ion?
Charge on the ion
What is the oxidation number of combined fluorine such as in NaF or CaF2?
-1
When an element has more than one stable oxidation number? How is it indicated?
Written as a Roman numeral
What is the oxidation number of Fe in iron (III) chloride?
+3
What are oxyanions?
Negative ions that have an element along with oxygen
What is the oxidation number of SO4 -2?
+6
Define oxidation in terms of electron transfer and oxidation number
Oxidation is
-loss of electrons
-an increase in oxidation number
Define reduction in terms of electron transfer and oxidation number
Reduction is
-gain of electrons
-a decrease in oxidation number
What is a redox reaction
A reaction in which both oxidation and reduction takes place
What is the oxidation number of a metal?
0 because it is an uncombined element
