2.1.1 + 2.1.2 Atoms And Reactions (AMW)

Question 1

What is an isotope?

Answer 1

Elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbers (same protons different neutrons)

Question 2

What is the relative atomic mass?

Answer 2

The mass of an element compared to that of carbon 12 ie. Hydrogens is 1/12

Question 3

What is relative molecular mass?

Answer 3

The mass of a simple molecule ie. H2O

Question 4

What is relative formula mass?

Answer 4

The mass of giant structures ie. NaI

Question 5

What is a mass spectrometer?

Answer 5

A mass spectrometer can be used to find out about molecules.
It can:
-identify an unknown compound
-find the relative abundance of each isotope
-determine structural information about molecules

Question 6

Define the term relative atomic mass

Answer 6

The mean mass of an atom compared with 1/12 of the mass of carbon 12

Question 7

What is meant by the term isotopes?

Answer 7

Atoms of an element with different mass numbers but the same number of protons

Question 8

Why do different isotopes of antimony have the same chemical properties

Answer 8

They have the same number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 9

What is stated in Dalton‘s atomic theory?

Answer 9

-atoms are tiny particle made up of electrons
-atoms annoy be divided
-all the atoms in a element are the same
-atoms of one element are different to those of other elements

Question 10

What did Thompson discover about the electrons?

Answer 10

-they have a negative charge
-they can be deflected by magnet and electric field
-they have a very small mass

Question 11

Explain the plum pudding model

Answer 11

Atoms are made up of negative electrons moving around in a sea of positive charge

Question 12

What were Rutherford’s proposals after the gold leaf experiment?

Answer 12

-most of the mass and positive charge of the atom are in the nucleus
-electrons orbit the nucleus
-most of atoms volume is the space between the nucleus and the electrons
-overall positive and negative charges must balance

Question 13

Define isotope

Answer 13

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons and the same number of protons

Question 14

Why does different isotopes of the same element react in the same way?

Answer 14

-neutrons have no impact on reactivity
-reactions involve electrons, isotopes have the same number of electrons with the same arrangements

Question 15

Define relative atomic mass

Answer 15

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

Question 16

Define relative isotopic mass

Answer 16

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

Question 17

Relative isotopic mass is the same as which number

Answer 17

Mass number

Question 18

How does a mass spectrometer work?

Answer 18

-the sample is made into positive ions
-they pass through the apparatus and are separated according to mass to charge ratio
-a computer analyses the data and produces mass spectrum

Question 19

What are molecular ions?

Answer 19

Covalently bonded atoms that lose or gain electrons

Question 20

What are molecular ions?

Answer 20

Covalently bonded atoms that lose or gain electrons

Question 21

What is the charge of a nitrate ion?

Answer 21

-1

Question 22

What is the charge of a carbonate ion?

Answer 22

-2

Question 23

What is the charge of a sulphate ion?

Answer 23

-2

Question 24

What is an empirical formula?

Answer 24

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound