2.1.3 Nucleotides and nucleic acids Flashcards
What elements do nucleotides contain?
C,H,O,N,P
Structure of a nucleotide
phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
Structure of DNA nucleotide
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base (A,G,C,T)
Structure of an RNA nucleotide
Ribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base (A,G,C,U)
What are the two different structural forms of nitrogenous bases?
Pyramidines and purines
List the purines found in DNA
adenine and Guanine
List the pyrimidines found in DNA
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Structure of purines.
double ring
structure of pyrimidines
single ring
Explain sugar phosphate backbone
DNA molecules are made up of two polynucleotide strands lying side by side running in opposite directions. The sugar links with the parallel phosphate by a phosphodiester bond.
What type of bond joins nucleotides together?
Phosphodiester bond
Why are fruits such as kiwi’s and strawberries good for DNA purification?
They have large amounts of DNA in their cells.
Explain the method for DNA purification.
-Cut up fruit into small pieces.
-Add washing up liquid to water in a beaker.
-Add some of the fruit into the beaker.
-Place the beaker in a water bath for 15 minutes.
-Move the beaker into an ice cold water bath and stir.
-Using filter paper, filter the mixture into another beaker.
-Pour the filtrate into a test tube and add 2-3 drops of protease enzyme.
-Carefully trickle ice cold ethanol down the side of the test tube and sit until the DNA precipitate forms.
Why do you have to place the beaker in a water bath in DNA purification?
Disrupts phospholipid bilayer of fruit cell membrane and nuclear membrane so DNA is released.
Why do you add detergent in DNA purification?
Disrupts phospholipid bilayer.