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Biology mod 2 Foundations in biology > 2.1.1 Cell structure and microscopy > Flashcards

2.1.1 Cell structure and microscopy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

A

To separate what is inside of the cell from its environment.

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2
Q

What are plant cell walls made of?

A

cellulose

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3
Q

Purpose of plant cell wall

A

Support the cell

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4
Q

purpose of lysosomes

A

Contain digest enzymes to digest invading cells.

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5
Q

Where are the two places that ribosomes can be found?

A

Cytoplasm
RER

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6
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

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7
Q

Function of RER

A

Folds and processes proteins.

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8
Q

Function of smooth ER

A

Synthesised and processes lipids.

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9
Q

What are vesicles?

A

Small fluid filled sacks found in cytoplasm.

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10
Q

Function of a vesicles.

A

Transport substances in and out of cell

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11
Q

Function of Golgi apparatus.

A

Sorts and packages molecules for transport around the cell

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12
Q

function of mitochondria

A

ATP production

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13
Q

What happens at the chloroplasts?

A

photosynthesis

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14
Q

What are centrioles?

A

Hollow cylinders containing micro tubules.

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15
Q

Function of centriole?

A

Formation of spindle fibres in cell division.

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16
Q

What is the liquid found in the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol

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17
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

Site of chemical reactions.

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18
Q

Function of nuclear membrane.

A

-separates nucleus from the rest of the cell

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19
Q

What is the role of the nucelus?

A

Controls the cells activities.

20
Q

what is a eukaryote?

A

a cell that has a nucelus

21
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

A cell which does not have a nucleus

22
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small circles of DNA that are found in bacteria and used to copy DNA during Genetic Engineering.

23
Q

Can ribosomes be observed under light microscopes?

A

No

24
Q

Definition of resolution

A

The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two separate points.

25
Q

Define magnification

A

How many times larger an image is compared to the object being observed.

26
Q

Maximum resolution of light microscope.

A

200nm

27
Q

Magnification of light microscope

A

X1500

28
Q

Disadvantages of light microscope.

A

Cannot see small organelles.

29
Q

Maximum resolution of electron microscope

A

0.2 nm

30
Q

Magnification of electron microscope

A

X1,500,000

31
Q

Two types of electron microscopes

A

scanning and transmission

32
Q

Why do some parts of the image appear darker when using an electron microscope?

A

Denser parts of the specimen absorb more electrons so they appear darker in image.

33
Q

Advantages of transmission electron microscopes.

A

High resolution

34
Q

Disadvantages of TEM’s

A

Thin specimens have to be used.

35
Q

Why can live specimens not be used when using TEM’s and SEM’s?

A

There is a vacuum inside electron microscopes so water must be removed so cells must be dead,

36
Q

Advantages of SEM’s

A

Thick specimens can be used.

37
Q

Disadvantages of SEM’s

A

Colour images not produced.

38
Q

Advantages of lazer scanning confocal microscope

A

Clear image

39
Q

Disadvantage of LSCM’s

A

Can cause photo damage.

40
Q

What can light microscopes be used for.

A

Observing eukaryotic cells, their nuclei, possible mitochondria and chloroplasts.

41
Q

What can not be seen by light microscopes?

A

Small organelles such as ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum.

42
Q

Maximum magnification of light microscope ?

A

X1500

43
Q

How do electron microscopes form an image?

A

Using a beam of electrons.

44
Q

Maximum resolution of electron microscope.

A

0.2nm

45
Q

Name two features of plant cells that are not features of animal cells.

A

Cellulose cell wall
permanent vacuole
chloroplasts

46
Q

Name one structure present in animal cells that is not present in animal cells

A

Centrioles

Biology mod 2 Foundations in biology (6 decks)

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