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Biology > 2.12 Circulatory System - Blood > Flashcards

2.12 Circulatory System - Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

What 4 mains things does our blood consist of

A
  • plasma
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • platelets
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2
Q

What are 2 adaptations of red blood cells

A

1) no nucleus - allows for more space for haemoglobin and oxygen

2) shaped like a biconcave disk - gives a larger surface area for more oxygen to be absorbed

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3
Q

What do our cells use oxygen for

A

Cellular respiration

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4
Q

How much of our blood do red blood cells make up

A

Half

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5
Q

What is the role of a red blood cells

A

Carry oxygen from our lungs to bodies tissues

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6
Q

What colour is haemoglobin in red blood cells

A

Red pigment in red blood cells

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7
Q

What is haemoglobin

A

The red pigment in red blood cells

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8
Q

What is the red pigment in red blood cells called

A

Haemogolobin

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9
Q

What does haemoglobin bind with in red blood cells

A

Oxygen

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10
Q

What is it called when oxygen and haemoglobin binds in a red blood cell

A

Oxyhaemoglobin

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11
Q

When does oxyhemoglobin split

A

When it reaches the tissues so oxygen can diffuse into our cells

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12
Q

True of False:
Red blood cells do have a nucleus

A

False

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13
Q

True of False:
Red blood cells do not have a nucleus

A

True

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14
Q

True of False:
White blood cells do have a nucleus

A

True

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15
Q

True of False:
Red blood cells do not have a nucleus

A

False

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16
Q

True of False:
Platelets do have a nucleus

A

False

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17
Q

True of False:
Platelets do not have a nucleus

A

True

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18
Q

True of False:
Plasma does have a nucleus

A

False it is a liquid

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19
Q

True of False:
Plasma doesnt have a nucleus

A

True it is a liquid

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20
Q

How much of our blood is made up by white blood cells

A

Less than 1%

21
Q

What do white blood cells protect us from

A

Pathogens/ infections

22
Q

What are the 2 main types of white blood cells

A

Phagocytes
Lymphocytes

23
Q

What do phagocytes do in white blood cells

A

Engulfs pathogens destroying them

24
Q

What do lymphocytes do in white blood cells

A

Detects and identifies pathogens
Produces antibodies and antitoxins

25
Q

What are 3 examples of how white blood cells protect us

A
  • engulf pathogens
  • antibodies bind to pathogens to destroy them
  • antitoxins neutralise any toxins
26
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

The process of phagocytes engulfing pathogens

27
Q

What do antibodies do

A

Bind themselves to pathogens in wbc to destroy them

28
Q

What do antitoxins do

A

Neutralise any toxins released by pathogens in wbc

29
Q

What do platelets do

A

Float about in our blood and wait for cuts so they can act as a glue to patch the hole

30
Q

What is the process called of platelets glueing patches of holes in the skin to prevent us from bleedings out

A

Clotting

31
Q

What 2 things does blood clotting by platelets help us with when we have a cut

A

1) stops us bleeding out and losing too much blood
2) stops microorganisms from getting in and causing infections

32
Q

Are platelets cells

A

No they are just fragments of cells

33
Q

How much flowing blood does an adult human have in their body at one time

A

5 litres

34
Q

What happens if there isnt enough blood in our bodies

A

Oxygen cant reach our tissues

35
Q

How much does plasma make up in our blood

A

Half

36
Q

What colour is plasma

A

Pale straw colour

37
Q

What state is plasma

A

Liquid

38
Q

What makes our blood watery so it can flow

A

Plasma

39
Q

What is the role of plasma

A

Carries everything:

  • wbc
  • rbc
  • platelets
  • nutrients
  • waste products
  • hormones
  • proteins
  • antibodies/antitoxins
40
Q

What 8 things does plasma carry in out blood

A
  • wbc
  • rbc
  • platelets
  • nutrients
  • waste products
  • hormones
  • proteins
  • antibodies/ antotoxins
41
Q

What 4 nutrients does plasma carry

A
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • fatty acids
  • glycerol
42
Q

What 2 waste products does plasma carry

A

CO2
Urea

43
Q

What 2 methods can we use if some has lost too much blood

A

Artificial blood
Blood transfusions

44
Q

What is artificial blood

A

A substitute of blood consisting of salt water

45
Q

What are 2 benefits of artificial blood

A

1) Adds volume to out circulatory system
2) keeps our blood vessels full and keeps blood pumping

46
Q

What are 3 disadvantages to artificial blood

A

1) doesnt contain any red blood cells
2) oxygen isn’t transported around rhe body
3) can only replace 1/3 of our blood consisting

47
Q

What is a blood transfusion

A

Real blood that has been donated

48
Q

What is 2 benefits of blood transfusions

A

1) comes with red blood cells
2) oxygen can be pumped around the body

Biology (7 decks)

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