2.12 Circulatory System - Blood Flashcards
What 4 mains things does our blood consist of
- plasma
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
What are 2 adaptations of red blood cells
1) no nucleus - allows for more space for haemoglobin and oxygen
2) shaped like a biconcave disk - gives a larger surface area for more oxygen to be absorbed
What do our cells use oxygen for
Cellular respiration
How much of our blood do red blood cells make up
Half
What is the role of a red blood cells
Carry oxygen from our lungs to bodies tissues
What colour is haemoglobin in red blood cells
Red pigment in red blood cells
What is haemoglobin
The red pigment in red blood cells
What is the red pigment in red blood cells called
Haemogolobin
What does haemoglobin bind with in red blood cells
Oxygen
What is it called when oxygen and haemoglobin binds in a red blood cell
Oxyhaemoglobin
When does oxyhemoglobin split
When it reaches the tissues so oxygen can diffuse into our cells
True of False:
Red blood cells do have a nucleus
False
True of False:
Red blood cells do not have a nucleus
True
True of False:
White blood cells do have a nucleus
True
True of False:
Red blood cells do not have a nucleus
False
True of False:
Platelets do have a nucleus
False
True of False:
Platelets do not have a nucleus
True
True of False:
Plasma does have a nucleus
False it is a liquid
True of False:
Plasma doesnt have a nucleus
True it is a liquid
How much of our blood is made up by white blood cells
Less than 1%
What do white blood cells protect us from
Pathogens/ infections
What are the 2 main types of white blood cells
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
What do phagocytes do in white blood cells
Engulfs pathogens destroying them
What do lymphocytes do in white blood cells
Detects and identifies pathogens
Produces antibodies and antitoxins
What are 3 examples of how white blood cells protect us
- engulf pathogens
- antibodies bind to pathogens to destroy them
- antitoxins neutralise any toxins
What is phagocytosis
The process of phagocytes engulfing pathogens
What do antibodies do
Bind themselves to pathogens in wbc to destroy them
What do antitoxins do
Neutralise any toxins released by pathogens in wbc
What do platelets do
Float about in our blood and wait for cuts so they can act as a glue to patch the hole
What is the process called of platelets glueing patches of holes in the skin to prevent us from bleedings out
Clotting
What 2 things does blood clotting by platelets help us with when we have a cut
1) stops us bleeding out and losing too much blood
2) stops microorganisms from getting in and causing infections
Are platelets cells
No they are just fragments of cells
How much flowing blood does an adult human have in their body at one time
5 litres
What happens if there isnt enough blood in our bodies
Oxygen cant reach our tissues
How much does plasma make up in our blood
Half
What colour is plasma
Pale straw colour
What state is plasma
Liquid
What makes our blood watery so it can flow
Plasma
What is the role of plasma
Carries everything:
- wbc
- rbc
- platelets
- nutrients
- waste products
- hormones
- proteins
- antibodies/antitoxins
What 8 things does plasma carry in out blood
- wbc
- rbc
- platelets
- nutrients
- waste products
- hormones
- proteins
- antibodies/ antotoxins
What 4 nutrients does plasma carry
- glucose
- amino acids
- fatty acids
- glycerol
What 2 waste products does plasma carry
CO2
Urea
What 2 methods can we use if some has lost too much blood
Artificial blood
Blood transfusions
What is artificial blood
A substitute of blood consisting of salt water
What are 2 benefits of artificial blood
1) Adds volume to out circulatory system
2) keeps our blood vessels full and keeps blood pumping
What are 3 disadvantages to artificial blood
1) doesnt contain any red blood cells
2) oxygen isn’t transported around rhe body
3) can only replace 1/3 of our blood consisting
What is a blood transfusion
Real blood that has been donated
What is 2 benefits of blood transfusions
1) comes with red blood cells
2) oxygen can be pumped around the body
