2101 - Cells

Question 1

Cell components

Answer 1

Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion

Question 2

Cell Wall

Answer 2

Non- living.
Encloses the cell, gives it shape and support.
Cellulose fibres bonded with Pectin.
Fully permeable, allowing substances to pass through.

Question 3

Cell Membrane

Answer 3

are Protective structures that help to isolate the cell contents from the environment outside them.
Selectively permeable, allowing some material to pass through but not others.

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Largely water. Holds other organelles in place.

Enables dissolved substances to move around the cell.

Question 5

Plasmodesmata

Answer 5

Interconnects adjacent cells, allows communication and transfer of substances between cells.

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Control centre of the cells.

Contains DNA & RNA which control the process of cell division.

Question 7

Mitochondrion

Answer 7

Releases energy through respiration. Large quantities found in meristem tissues.
Energy for growth and repair.

Question 8

Chloroplasts

Answer 8

Contains Chlorophyll. The organelle in which photosynthesis occurs.

H20, CO2 and light energy into sugars and O2

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

Storage sac within the cell. Can take up or release excess sugars, water, nutrients and store waste products.
Generate tutor or wilting.

Question 10

What is a plant Tissue

Answer 10

Group of Cells of similar shape and size which have the same function.

Question 11

Tissues - Meristematic

Answer 11

Where new cells are produced by cell division. Are responsible for growth at the tips of roots and shoots (Apical - primary growth). Also in the Vascular Cambium (Lateral - secondary growth).
Simple, non-specialised cells.

Growth = cell division and enlargement

Lateral meristems important for propagation with cuttings.

Question 12

Tissues - Epidermal

Answer 12

Surface protective tissues. (usually one cells thick)
Covers the entire plant and hold it together.
Protects from damage and water loss. Lack chloroplasts. Cell walls contain cutin to form Waxy cuticle, impermeable to water.

Question 13

Tissues - Transport (Vascular) Xylem

Answer 13

Transport tissue, water and minerals. From roots to stems and leaves.
Passive physical process not active.
Open ended cells which contain lignin. Harden off and die. (transpiration) Only upwards travel.

Question 14

Tissues - Transport (Vascular) Phloem

Answer 14

Transport tissue, sugars. Contain sieve tubes. Transport food from photosynthesis in the leaves to other parts of the plant. Both directions, active process. Cost the plant energy to use. (involves energy expenditure).

Question 15

Tissues - Photosynthetic

Answer 15

Found in the leaves, contains Chloroplasts and Chlorophyll.

Question 16

Tissues - Parenchyma

Answer 16

Packing tissue, unspecialised but can be adapted to specific tasks such as photosynthesis.
(Palisade mesophyll/Spongy Mesophyll)
Fill spaces between other cells and maintain the shape. Can function as a Starch storage tissue.

Question 17

Cell Growth & Division

Answer 17

Division - Cells divide over and over to produce new, non specialised cells.

Growth - Beyond the growing point Meristem cells slow down rate of division and physically enlarge. Extending Stem or root.

Question 18

Cell Differentiation

Answer 18

When cells lose their ability to divide they change from Meristem cells to permanent tissue.

Question 19

Simple Tissues

Answer 19

Epidermis - skin

Parenchyma - packing/bulk

Question 20

Complex Tissues

Answer 20

Vascular/Transport - Xylem & Phloem