2.1 The Berlin Crisis Flashcards

1
Q

What year was the refugee problem in Berlin

A

1958

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2
Q

Why were people leaving the East for the West

A

Better standard of living
More freedom
West Germany benefits from Marshall Aid

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3
Q

How many people left the east for the west

A

Over 3 million

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4
Q

Why was the refugee problem a problem for krushchev

A

Because it was humiliating and showed when people had the choice of communism or capitalism, capitalism was chosen much more

Also it was a problem as all the highly skilled workers who the east need to build their economy were leaving

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5
Q

What was the consequence of the refugee problem in Berlin

A

The Berlin Ultimatum

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6
Q

What was the Berlin ultimatum

A

This was to make Berlin part of East Germany and to kick France and Britatin out.
It stated that Berlin should become a free city
Berlin should be demilitaried of western troops
They had 6 months to leave

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7
Q

What were he consequences of the Berlin Ultimatum

A

West outraged - Seen as trying to spread communism

Forced the West and East to have talks 

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8
Q

What were the dates of the talks

A

Geneva - May 1959
Camp David - Sept 1959
Paris - 1960
Vienna - 1961

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9
Q

What happened at Geneva 1959

A

No agreements but agreed to meet again

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10
Q

What happend at Camp David 1959

A

Soviets withdrew Ultimatum

Agreed to meet again in Paris

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11
Q

What happened at Paris 1960

A

US U2 spy plane got shot down, Eisenhowar refused to take any blame or apologise
Krushchev walks out

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12
Q

What happened at Vienna 1961

A

Ultimatum re issued
No agreements
JFK increased military spending by 2 billion

Made the USSR relise that the Berlin will not get sorted out by talks

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13
Q

When was the construction of the Berlin Wall

A

The night of 12 August 1961

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14
Q

What was the cause of the construction of the Berlin wall

A

Tensions grew between the US and Soviets so more and more people left the East incase Krushchev closed the boarders. For example one day 40,000 people left the East for West.

So East German leader Walter urged Krushchev to close the boarder so he did, putting up a barbed wire, which soon became concrete that stretched 165km

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15
Q

What was a negative impact of building the Berlin wall fir the Soviets

A

It showed that they had to lock people into east berlin and when people had a choice they chose the west

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16
Q

What was a negative impact of the berlin wall for the US

A

Closed without consulting the US

People who wanted to escape communism couldn’t

17
Q

What was a positive impact of the Berlin Wall for the Soviet

A

Stopped refugees leaving East berlin

Sent a message that communism would surive in berlin and any attempt to unite Germany would fail

18
Q

What was a positive impact of the Berlin Wall for the US

A

West Germany became an emblem of freedom and against communism
Krushchev had accepted western control in the west
Stop arguments and a war over Berlin as Truman said “A wall is better than a war”

19
Q

When dud Kenedy visit Berlin

A

1963

20
Q

What did Kenedy going to Berlin highlight

A

His great reputation he has with the people their. This was shown as thousends of people came out to see him and gave him gifts such as flowers ect

21
Q

What did Kennedy’s visit to Berlin show the celebration of

A

Freedom compared to the Communist East