2.1 Population Flashcards
Methods of data collection
Census- survey gathering data on age, sex and occupation etc.
Households asked on social, economic and cultural background
Carried out once every 10 years
Once results are collected, analysed by government
Civil Registration registers births, marriages and deaths
Data updated and changes monitored to record vital population data of citizens
Problems of data collection
Low literacy rate- people can’t complete or make mistakes, inaccurate
Countries with several languages- translate forms + employ people who speak languages, expensive
Harsh terrain + poor infrastructure, difficult to distribute surveys
War and conflict, unsafe to go to parts of country to give surveys
People in shanty towns- illegal housing + don’t have permanent addresses
Internal political rivalries- don’t give valid data, inaccurate results
Illegal immigrants- don’t complete survey, risk of deportation
Size of country- difficult to hand out surveys for everyone
Consequences of population structure- developed country
More old people increase cost of pensions for government + tax for economically active
In-migration encouraged, tension between different ethnic groups
Age of retirement increased + more services needed eg. care homes
Lower unemployment rate in future, reduction in job competition, less working-age individuals
Decrease in birth rates, less services for children eg. schools
Increase costs for Health Services to treat larger ageing population, more doctors needed
Higher demand for public transport like buses, more elders won’t drive
Fewer people working- countries’ Gross National Income decreases
Consequences of population structure- developing country
Rural areas- pressure on food supplies, risk of malnutrition + strains agricultural systems
Urban areas- pressure on housing, expansion of illegal housing
More schools built + demand for teachers increases
Government- invest in more hospitals for midwives, increase in birth rates
More mothers of childbearing ages, population of young dependants will rise
Larger workforce- multinational companies come to the country, create job opportunities
High competition for jobs (increase in economically active), people without a job
Government- invest in family planning to control number of children families want
Cause of voluntary migration
Poland to Scotland:
Little jobs with few opportunities
Low paying jobs, low standard of living
State benefits are low compared to Scotland
More job opportunities eg. electrician
Advertisement in Poland for jobs in Scotland, encouraged migration
Favourable exchange rate- send money back to family members
Impact of voluntary migration
Strain on education system, number of people whom English isn’t first language
Migrants are hard and skilled workers, in demand for physical labour
Cultural differences- racial tension + ethnic groups not interacting with others
Development of over-crowded multi occupancy accommodations (pressure on housing)
Migrants increase unemployment rate, declining economic activity
Government receives tax from migrant workers who do jobs Brits don’t do (low wages)
