2.1 Lesson

Question 1

Translate to Spanish.

It’s your birthday; let’s go to a restaurant

Answer 1

Es tu cumpleaños; vamos a un restaurante

restaurant - el restaurante

Question 2

Translate to Spanish.

I am going to read the restaurant’s menu

Answer 2

Voy a leer el menú del restaurante

menu - el menú

Question 3

Translate to Spanish.

There’s not much order in my tiny apartment

Answer 3

No hay mucho orden en mi apartamento pequeñito

order (stability, organization) - el orden. Do not confuse this with la orden, which refers to a command or request

Question 4

Translate to Spanish.

I am going to ask for an order of chicken

Answer 4

Voy a pedir una orden de pollo

order (command, request) - la orden. Do not confuse this with el orden, which refers to stability or organization

Question 5

Translate to Spanish.

The waitress is going to go for our food

Answer 5

La mesera va a ir por nuestra comida

waiter, waitress - el mesero, la mesera. In Spain, a waiter is referred to as un camarero

Question 6

Translate to Spanish.

I am going to ask for a pitcher of water

Answer 6

Voy a pedir una jarra de agua

pitcher - la jarra

Question 7

Translate to Spanish.

I am very thirsty; I am going to ask for a glass of water

Answer 7

Tengo mucha sed, voy a pedir un vaso de agua

glass (for drinking) - el vaso

Question 8

Translate to Spanish.

Raquel wants a cup of very hot coffee

Answer 8

Raquel quiere una taza de café muy caliente

cup, mug - la taza

Question 9

Translate to Spanish.

Marcos and I are outside of the restaurant. Where are you?

Answer 9

Marcos y yo estamos afuera del restaurante, ¿Dónde estás tú?

outside - afuera (de)

Question 10

Translate to Spanish.

I am inside the restaurant, next to a tall, blonde woman

Answer 10

Estoy adentro del restaurante, al lado de una mujer alta y rubia

inside - adentro (de)

Question 11

Translate to Spanish.

We are going to a place that I do not know

Answer 11

Vamos a un lugar que no conozco

place - el lugar

Question 12

Translate to Spanish.

Alicia is tall and dark-skinned and is seated next to Ricardo

Answer 12

Alicia es alta y morena y está sentada al lado de Ricardo

seated - sentado. Note that sentado is the past participle of the verb sentarse, a verb which we will learn later on. Also note that past participles agree in number and in gender with the nouns that they describe

Question 13

Translate to Spanish.

We are seated at the back of the restaurant

Answer 13

Estamos sentados al fondo del restaurante

at the back of - al fondo de

Question 14

Translate to Spanish.

Roberto is seated in the back

Answer 14

Roberto está sentado atrás

in back - atrás

Question 15

Translate to Spanish.

Julia? She is behind Natalia

Answer 15

¿Julia? Está detrás de Natalia

behind - detrás de

Question 16

Translate to Spanish.

I have an apple in my hand

Answer 16

Tengo una manzana en la mano

hand - la mano. Note that mano is actually a feminine noun. Also remember that in Spanish, you do not use the possessive when referring to body parts since it is assumed that they already belong to the person in question (e.g. Escribo con la mano not Escribo con mi mano)

Question 17

Translate to Spanish.

She makes the cake by hand

Answer 17

Ella hace el pastel a mano

by hand - a mano

Question 18

Translate to Spanish.

My cousin is seated to my right

Answer 18

Mi primo está sentado a mi derecha

right - derecha. Note that derecha can only mean ‘“right” in terms of directions. You cannot say *Ella es derecha* to mean “She is right”

Question 19

Translate to Spanish.

You are right, Margarita is very pretty

Answer 19

Tienes razón, Margarita es muy bonita

to be right - tener razón. Note that tener razón literally means “to have reason”

Question 20

Translate to Spanish.

He is blond and short and is seated to our right

Answer 20

Es rubio y bajo y está sentado a la derecha de nosotros

on the right of - a la derecha de

Question 21

Translate to Spanish.

I believe in women’s rights

Answer 21

Creo en los derechos de la mujer

rights - los derechos

Question 22

Translate to Spanish.

Antonio does not write with his left hand

Answer 22

Antonio no escribe con la mano izquierda

left - izquierda

Question 23

Translate to Spanish.

My house is on the left of Pepe’s house

Answer 23

Mi casa está a la izquierda de la casa de Pepe

on the left of - a la izquierda de

Question 24

Translate to Spanish.

We write with our left hand because we are left-handed

Answer 24

Escribimos con la mano izquierda porque somos zurdos

left-handed - zurdo

Question 25

# Translate to Spanish. Is your sister _on the right side of_ Guillermo?

Answer 25

¿Está tu hermana _a la mano derecha de_ Guillermo? ## Footnote on the right/left side/hand - *a mano derecha/izquierda*

Question 26

# Translate to Spanish. The restaurant is behind the _mountain_

Answer 26

El restaurante está detrás de la _montaña_ ## Footnote mountain - *la montaña*

Question 27

# Translate to Spanish. My grandfather lives _beyond_ the mountains

Answer 27

Mi abuelo vive _más allá de_ las montañas ## Footnote beyond - *más allá de*. "The Great Beyond" is often referred to in Spanish as *El Más Allá*

Question 28

# Translate to Spanish. Do you know if the kids are leaning _against_ the wall?

Answer 28

¿Sabes si los niños están _contra_ la pared? ## Footnote against - *contra*

Question 29

# Translate to Spanish. Carlos orders _without_ a menu

Answer 29

Carlos pide _sin_ menú ## Footnote without - *sin*

Question 30

# Translate to Spanish. This essay is well-*_written_*

Answer 30

Este ensayo está bien _escrito_ ## Footnote written - *escrito*. Note that *escrito* is the past participle of *escribir*

Question 31

# Translate to Spanish. _I am about to_ go out to eat with my friends

Answer 31

_Estoy por_ salir a comer con mis amigos ## Footnote to be about to - *estar por*. Note that in this sense, *por* indicates that an action is about to happen

Question 32

# Translate to Spanish. I will walk _through_ the streets of Spain

Answer 32

Voy a caminar _por_ las calles de España ## Footnote through, along, around, by - *por*. Note that in this sense, *por* is used to express movement.

Question 33

# Translate to Spanish. We will study _for two days_

Answer 33

Vamos a estudiar _por dos días_ ## Footnote for (time, duration) - *por*. Note that in this sense, *por* denotes the time or duration of something

Question 34

# Translate to Spanish. ten _percent_

Answer 34

diez _por ciento_ ## Footnote per - *por*. Note that *por* is sometimes used to indicate "per" as well as velocity, frequency and proportion (i.e. *Este cuarto mide cinco por cinco* "This room measures five by five")

Question 35

# Translate to Spanish. Juan works _for_ student rights

Answer 35

Juan trabaja _por_ los derechos de estudiantes ## Footnote in favor of - *por*. Note that in this instance, *por* is used to show support for something, usually a cause or an organization

Question 36

# Translate to Spanish. That book is written _by_ Gabriel García Márquez

Answer 36

Ese libro está escrito _por_ Gabriel García Márquez ## Footnote by - *por*. Note that in this example, *por* introduces the agent of an action after a passive verb

Question 37

# Translate to Spanish. I will travel _by car_ to my grandmother's house

Answer 37

Voy a viajar _por carro_ a la casa de mi abuela ## Footnote by (transportation) - *por*. Note that in this case, *por* indicates the means of transportation

Question 38

# Translate to Spanish. _Thank you for_ your help

Answer 38

_Gracias por_ tu ayuda ## Footnote for (gratitude) - *por*

Question 39

# Translate to Spanish. Fernanda will cook _on behalf of_ my mother, who is sick

Answer 39

Fernanda va a cocinar _por_ mi mamá que está enferma ## Footnote on behalf of - *por*. Note that *por* is used to indicate doing something "on behalf of" someone

Question 40

# Translate to Spanish. Marta does not go out _because of_ the snow

Answer 40

Marta no sale _por_ la nieve ## Footnote because of - *por*. Note that *por* can be used interchangeably with *a causa de*

Question 41

# Translate to Spanish. It is very cold. _That's why_ nobody is outside

Answer 41

Hace mucho frío. _Por eso_ nadie está afuera ## Footnote that's why, therefore - *por eso*. Note that *por eso* literally translates to "because of that"

Question 42

What are the uses of the preposition *por*?

Answer 42

* to indicate movement **(through, along, around, by, about)** * to express time and duration **(during, for)** * to indicate velocity, frequency and proportion **(per)** * to show support for something **(for, in favor of)** * to introduce an agent after a passive verb **(by)** * to indicate a means of transportation **(by)** * to express gratitude or an apology **(for)** * to express cause or reason **(because of)** * to do something for someone **(on behalf of)**

Question 43

# Translate to Spanish. We read this book _in order to_ learn faster

Answer 43

Leemos este libro _para_ aprender mas rápido ## Footnote in order to, for the purpose of - *para*. Note that *para* is used to indicate the purpose of something and often replaces the English word "to"

Question 44

# Translate to Spanish. This book is _for you_ (ud)

Answer 44

Este libro es _para usted_ ## Footnote directed to - *para*. Note that in this case, *para* means "for the benefit of", "directed to", "the recipient of" when followed by a noun or a pronoun

Question 45

# Translate to Spanish. This summer Marco will go _to Spain_

Answer 45

Este verano, Marco va a ir _para España_ ## Footnote to (direction) - *para*. Note that although you can use *a* instead of *para*, many Spanish-speakers use *para* when referring more to the journey than the destination

Question 46

# Translate to Spanish. I want this _for tomorrow_

Answer 46

Quiero esto _para mañana_ ## Footnote for, by (specific time) - *para*

Question 47

# Translate to Spanish. _For a child_, he speaks well

Answer 47

_Para un niño_, él habla bien ## Footnote for (contrast) - *para*. Note how *para* is used to express a contrast from something that is expected

Question 48

What are the uses of the preposition *para*?

Answer 48

* to indicate purpose **(in order to, for the purpose of)** * to show who is the recipient of something **(for, directed to)** * to express direction of a specific place **(to)** * to indicate a specific time **(for, by)** * to express an unexpected contrast **(for)**

Question 49

# What is the difference between: * *Ella le dio 100 pesos para el pan* * *Ella le dio 100 pesos por el pan*

Answer 49

* In the first example (*para*), she gave him money so that he could buy the bread * In the second example (*por*), she gave him money in exchange for the bread

Question 50

# What is the difference between: * *Andan para el parque* * *Andan por el parque*

Answer 50

* In the first example (*para*), they are strolling in the direction of the park * In the second example (*por*), they are strolling through the park

Question 51

# What is the difference between: * *Él es muy activo para su edad* * *Él es muy activo por su edad*

Answer 51

* In the first example (*para*), we are probably talking about an old person who is active in spite of his age * In the second example (*por*), we are probably talking about a child who is active because of his age

Question 52

# Translate to Spanish. Why do you study _French_?

Answer 52

¿Por qué estudias _francés_? ## Footnote French - *francés*

Question 53

# Translate to Spanish. Because it is _required_

Answer 53

Porque es un _requisito_ ## Footnote requirement - *un requisito*

Question 54

# Translate to Spanish. _For what purpose_ do you study Spanish?

Answer 54

¿_Para qué_ estudias español? ## Footnote for what purpose? - *¿Para qué?*

Question 55

# Translate to Spanish. I'm learning Spanish so that I can _travel_ in Spain

Answer 55

Estoy aprendiendo español para poder _viajar_ en España ## Footnote to travel - *viajar*

Question 56

# Translate to Spanish. This food is _made_ by my grandmother

Answer 56

Esta comida está _hecha_ por mi abuela ## Footnote made - *hecho*. Note that *hecho* is the past participle of the verb hacer

Question 57

# Translate to Spanish. Marcos will buy a _gift_ for María ## Footnote **i.e.** he will give María a gift

Answer 57

Marcos va a comprar un _regalo_ para María ## Footnote present, gift - *el regalo*

Question 58

# Translate to Spanish. Marcos will buy a _television_ for María ## Footnote **i.e.** María is unable to buy it, so he will do it for her

Answer 58

Marcos va a comprar una _televisión_ por María ## Footnote television - *la televisión, el televisor, la tele*. Note that *t**elevisor* literally means "television set", but in some countries *televisión* or *la tele* is used for both the appliance and the programs

Question 59

# Translate to Spanish. We are going to _watch_ TV tomorrow

Answer 59

Vamos a _mirar_ la tele mañana ## Footnote to watch - *mirar*. In some countries, they say *ver* ("to see") when referring to watching television