2.1 GIEL

Question 1

what is development?

Answer 1

economic, social and political process -> improvement of standard of living for a population

Question 2

what is economic indicator and social indicators

Answer 2

economic indicator: gross domestic product (GDP) per capita
social indicators: life expectancy and adult literacy rate

Question 3

what is sustainable development?

Answer 3

meets the needs of present population by achieving high standards of living for all.

Ensures ability of future generations to meet own needs

⭐️ economy, environment , society -> must be balanced

Question 4

how can urban neighbourhoods achieve economic sustainability?

Answer 4

by helping to support local business -> local business sustains themselves as there will be sufficient demand for goods and service-> buildings and objects are usually located close to one another, hence residents need not travel far , keeping transport cost low

Question 5

how can urban neighbourhood achieve social sustainability?

Answer 5

ensuring residents feel included and have a sense of shared identity-> can be fostered by community spaces which promotes regular social interactions-> facilitates regular interaction amongst residents-> come together to discuss issues affecting neighbourhood and find solutions to various challenges-> builds resilience and positive relationships between residents -> helps maintain a culture of open communication, mutual respect & understandings, reducing misunderstandings and conflicts

for example: residents network (RN) set up to promote neighbourliness and community cohesiveness amongst residents.

Question 6

how can urban neighbourhoods be sustained environmentally?

Answer 6

ample protection for nature.
when there is ample protection for nature, wildlife can thrive in our urban spaces and human and wildlife coexistence can be fostered. There is concreted evidence made to protect native species, habitats and ecosystem.

For example, National Parks has developed multiple strategies aimed at safeguarding SG habitats and ecosystems for long-term sustainability. Biodiversity in urban neighbourhoods can be maximise by having wide variety of habitats including street trees, pocket parks and roof gardens instead of having large uniform grass.

Question 7

how can neighbourhoods be sustained environmentally (3)

Answer 7

energy and water-efficient design approaches for buildings and landscapes. it’s designed to be energy-and-water-efficient to minimise use of resources. Smart technology and eco-friendly features can be installed. For example, cool pains used on buildings to lower temperatures by up to 2 degrees celcius , reducing energy consumption.
Water harvested from rain used for block washing of void decks and corridors to reduce overall water consumption