2.1 d digital design and manufacture, CAD and CAM

Question 1

From CAD to CAM

Answer 1

There is a vast array of specialist software which allow the
designer to go from designing, simulating and testing their
design ‘on screen’, to physically producing it using machinery.
* CAM machines operate using CNC (computer numerical
control).
* CAM (computer-aided manufacture) uses CAD files to
produce a physical outcome.
* Laser cutters can be used to cut and engrave various materials.
* Vinyl cutters are used to cut vinyl, flock and cards for a range of outcomes.
* CNC routers and millers can create 3D outcomes in various materials.
* CNC lathes can turn items.
* Embroidery machinery can stitch patterns, logos, motifs
and designs onto various fabrics.

Question 2

pros of CAD

Answer 2

There are many benefits to using CAD, for products
produced as one-off prototypes right up to thousands of
items made using mass production. Listed below are the
advantages of CAD.
* Increases productivity (faster than manual workers) whilst
decreasing errors.
* Often higher quality or more complex design can be
achieved.
* Designs can be edited / reused easily.
* Designs can be easily understood.
* CAD files can be easily shared.
* No physical space required.
* Saves time and improves accuracy.
* Links to CAM seamlessly

Question 3

pros of CAM

Answer 3

There are many benefits to designers,
manufacturers and end users for the use
of CAM in the manufacturing process. For
example, CAM…
* is faster and more accurate than manual
workers (eliminates costly errors)
* continually produces identical outcomes
* creates complex outcomes (that might not be able to be achieved using other methods)
* is cost efficient over time
* reduces the company’s labour costs
* consistently replicates outcomes.

Question 4

cons of CAD/CAM

Answer 4

There are naturally some negative aspects when
designers and manufacturers use CAD/CAM.
* CAD and CAM can be expensive, especially initial set
up costs.
* CAD/CAM machines may require servicing and maintenance. Parts can be expensive too!
* Training is required before users become literate.
* Faults can delay design and production.
* Technological advancement can often mean that new
versions replace older ones, so upgrades may be required.
* Manual workers are still required to oversee CAM manufacturing.
* Production can become reliant on CAD/CAM and
errors can cause delays and cause supply problems.

Question 5

computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)

Answer 5

CIM refers to the use of computers during the
manufacturing process. Computers can control
machinery, but also automate systems during
manufacture. CIM increases the speed of the
manufacturing process and uses real-time sensors
and closed loop control processes to automate
manufacturing, increasing speed and efficiency.
Manufacturing becomes less error-prone with the
use of computers. CIM systems are also known
as ‘flexible manufacturing systems’ where design,
analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting,
inventory control and distribution are all linked
through the computer with factory floor activities,
such as materials handling and processing.

Question 6

digital media

Answer 6

Digital media is any form of media that
uses electronic devices for distribution.
This form of media can be created, viewed,
modified and distributed with electronic
devices, and commonly includes software,
video games, videos, websites, social
media and online advertising.
Digital media is used in the visual
communication field when sharing
designs, concepts and proposals with
clients and customers through any visual
means.
Visual communication also links with
graphic design, digital animation, digital
photography, animation, computer
illustration, mixed visual media and
advertising.