2.1 c appropriate use of digital technologies, aesthetics, ergonomics, anthropometris, use of media

Question 1

The use of CAD

Answer 1

The use of computer-aided design (CAD) benefits
the designer in many ways.
* CAD allows the testing of ideas, analysis and
development so that ideas are refined and
improved.
* It is efficient, often virtual, so no physical
components required.
* CAD files are easily saved, modified and
can be communicated to users and other
specialists.
* CAD files can be converted into CNC or CAM data leading to rapid prototyping.
* CAD simulations can be printed off and used
for display purposes.
* CAD files are easily modified to support the
presentation of final proposals

Question 2

Presenting ideas

Answer 2

Designers use many different methods to
communicate design thinking and ideas:
− freehand sketching
− models
− trials / test pieces
− CAD simulations
− rapid prototypes
− orthographic projections
− working drawings
− exploded views.

Question 3

Recording and explaining design decision

Answer 3

There is no formal or specific way to document
how decisions are made during design and
development. Below, however, are some
possibilities.
* Sketches can be labelled/annotated.
* ‘Break through’ moments can be presented
using a range of media including sketching,
CAD, photographs, physical models, video of
user trials, toiles, templates, prototypes etc.
* The iterative process allows the ‘think,
test, analyse, rethink, test, analyse’ cycle to
continue endlessly (or until an idea meets all
criteria).
* Final design ideas are formally presented
using visuals to communicate aesthetics,
dimensions and manufacturing information.
* Reports of test results can support design
decisions formally.
* Evidence of user tests / user trials can also be
helpful in justifying decisions.

Question 4

Communicating information

Answer 4

Designers communicate using a vast range
of methods that include text, sketches, notes,
photographs, lists, video clips, physical models,
charts and graphs, extended writing, bullet
pointed lists, CAD simulations and specialist
graphical techniques (Gantt chart, critical path
analysis, flowcharts). Designers employ verbal
communication as well as electronic, written and
printed means.

Question 5

Anthropometrics

Answer 5

– refers to measurements of
human beings, the human body’s dimensions and
sizes, and how physical features and traits are
present and can vary
Importance to the designer: knowing the body
sizes, measurements and features allows the
designer to ensure the product ‘fits’ the target
market.
Importance to the manufacturer: products can be
made accurately and effectively, ensuring the end
product will be the correct size for the target market.
Importance to the user: the product will be well
received and not rejected. The user must be able to use the product as intended. Positive user opinion
is extremely valuable to the popularity of emerging
products.

Question 6

ergonomics

Answer 6

– is about using anthropometric
data to ensure that the product ‘fits’ the user,
is comfortable to use, and the user interface is
effective.
Importance to the designer: it is almost impossible
to design a successful product without reference to the user, and how the user and the product interact.
This is a critical part of the iterative design cycle.
Importance to the manufacturer: if there was
an issue, production would have to halt until an
amendment is made (this is very costly). The success of the product relies on effective design, especially if
demand is to increase.
Importance to the user: if the final product fits
perfectly, operates effectively, and meets user needs
and wants, it will be successful. User interface and
function are very important.