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CompTIA A+ 1101 (Core 1)_ > 2.1 Compare & contrast Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) & User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports, protocols, & their purpose > Flashcards

2.1 Compare & contrast Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) & User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports, protocols, & their purpose Flashcards

1
Q

What protocols in the TCP/IP suite handle port assignment?

A

TCP & UDP

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2
Q

Meaning of UDP?

A

User Datagram Protocol

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3
Q

How many port numbers do hosts assign?

A

2

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4
Q

Explain the port assignment process

A

Each host assigns a destination & source port

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5
Q

In the port assignment process, what does the destination port map to?

A

The requested service

i.e. HTTP on port 80

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6
Q

What is the source port in the port assignment process?

A

Random port number chosen by the client

i.e. 47747

The server replies using the client’s source port as its destination port & its own app port as the source port

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7
Q

How does TCP differ from UDP?

A

Providing reliable data delivery

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8
Q

What is TCP known as?

A

Connection-oriented protocol

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9
Q

How does TCP establish a connection between sender & recipient?

A

via Handshake sequence

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10
Q

List TCP’s handshake sequence packets

A
  • SYN packet
  • SYN/ACK packet
  • ACK packet
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11
Q

What does TCP assign to each packet?

A

A sequence number

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12
Q

Why does TCP assign sequence numbers to packets?

A

So they can be tracked

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13
Q

In TCP, why do clients send ACK packets?

A

To acknowledge that a packet has been received

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14
Q

In TCP, why do clients send NACK packets?

A

For retransmission of a missing or damaged packet

NACK basically means Negative Acknowledgement

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15
Q

Main drawback of TCP?

A

Connection info increases packet size due to multiple header fields

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16
Q

When is TCP used?

A

When application protocols can’t tolerate missing or damaged info.

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17
Q

2 application protocols that must use TCP?

A
  • HTTPS
  • SSH
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18
Q

What is UDP known as?

A

Connectionless protocol

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19
Q

How does UDP differ from TCP?

A

Faster & not guaranteeing packet delivery or packet sequence order

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20
Q

When is UDP used?

A

When application protocols can tolerate missing/out-of-order packets

It’s often used for time-sensitive data like voice or video, where missing data causes glitches, not errors or connection failures.

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21
Q

Why is UDP faster than TCP?

A

UDP has reduced overhead

Overhead is the extra data or processing needed for communication, beyond the essential payload.

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22
Q

What can be used to control delivery reliability when using UDP?

A

Application layer

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23
Q

2 protocols that use UDP?

A
  • DHCP
  • TFTP
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24
Q

Why must DHCP use UDP?

A

DHCP uses broacast transmissions, which TCP doesn’t support

Broadcast sends data to all network devices at once.

If a response packet isn’t received, the client just restarts the provess & tries again repeatedly, until timing out

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25
Q

Meaning of TFTP?

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

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26
Q

Purpose of TFTP?

A

For network devices to obtain a configuration file

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27
Q

Why doesnt TFTP require TCP?

A

It has it’s own built-in mechanism for acknowledging messages

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28
Q

Meaning of FTP?

A

File Transfer Protocol

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29
Q

FTP–Data connection port?

This port handles actual file transfers

A

TCP/20

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30
Q

FTP–Control connection port?

This port manages commands & responses

A

TCP/21

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31
Q

Identify port

TCP/20

A

FTP-Data connection

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32
Q

Identify port

TCP/21

A

FTP-Control connection

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33
Q

Purpose of FTP?

A

Transfer files across a network

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34
Q

Meaning of SSH?

A

Secure Shell

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35
Q

Purpose of SSH protocol?

A

Make a secure connection to the command-line interface of a server

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36
Q

SSH protocol port?

A

TCP/22

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37
Q

Identify port

TCP/22

A

SSH

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38
Q

Purpose of Telnet protocol?

A

Make an unsecure connection to the command-line interface of a server

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39
Q

Telnet protocol port?

A

TCP/23

40
Q

Identify port

TCP/23

A

Telnet

41
Q

Meaning of SMTP?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

42
Q

Purpose of SMTP?

A

Transfer emails across a network

43
Q

SMTP port?

A

TCP/25

44
Q

Identify port

TCP/25

A

SMTP

45
Q

Meaning of DNS?

A

Domain Name System

46
Q

Purpose of DNS protocol?

A

Allow hosts to be identified by name & IP addresses

47
Q

DNS protocol port?

A

(TCP or UDP)/53

48
Q

Identify port

(TCP or UDP)/53

A

DNS

49
Q

Meaning of DHCP?

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

50
Q

Purpose of DHCP Server?

A

Provision an IP address configuration to clients

51
Q

DHCP Server port?

A

UDP/67

52
Q

Identify port

UDP/67

A

DHCP Server

53
Q

Purpose of DHCP Client?

A

Request a dynamic IP address configuration from a server

54
Q

DHCP Client port?

A

UDP/68

55
Q

Identify port

UDP/68

A

DHCP Client

56
Q

Meaning of HTTP?

A

HyperText Transfer Protocol

57
Q

Purpose of HTTP?

A

Provision unsecure websites & web services

58
Q

HTTP port?

A

TCP/80

59
Q

Identify port

TCP/80

A

HTTP

60
Q

Meaning of POP?

A

Post Office Protocol

61
Q

Purpose of POP?

Examples of POP clients are Microsoft Outlook & Mozilla Thunderbird

A

Retrieve emails from a server mailbox

62
Q

POP port?

A

TCP/110

63
Q

Identify port

TCP/110

A

POP

64
Q

Purpose of NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

A

Support networking features of legacy Windows versions

65
Q

NetBIOS over TCP/IP port?

A

(UDP or TCP)/137-139

66
Q

Identify port

(UDP or TCP)/137-139

A

NetBIOS over TCP/IP

67
Q

Meaning of IMAP?

A

Internet Mail Access Protocol

68
Q

Purpose of IMAP?

A

Read & manage emails on a server mailbox

69
Q

IMAP port?

A

TCP/143

70
Q

Identify port

TCP/143

A

IMAP

71
Q

SNMP meaning?

A

Simple Network Management Protocol

72
Q

Purpose of SNMP?

A

Query status information from network devices

SNMP enables remote monitoring and management of network devices, retrieving data for proactive troubleshooting and optimization.

73
Q

SNMP port?

A

UDP/161

74
Q

Identify port

UDP/161

A

SNMP

75
Q

Purpose of SNMP trap operation?

A

Report status info. to a management server

76
Q

SNMP trap operation port?

A

UDP/162

77
Q

Identify port

UDP/162

A

SNMP trap operation

78
Q

Meaning of LDAP?

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

79
Q

Purpose of LDAP?

A

Query info about network users & resources

it allows systems to retrieve and search for data stored in a directory service, such as user accounts, groups, and network resources. This enables authentication, authorization, and information lookup across a network infrastructure.

80
Q

LDAP port?

A

TCP/389

81
Q

Identify port

TCP/389

A

LDAP

82
Q

Meaning of HTTPS?

A

HTTP Secure

83
Q

Purpose of HTTPS?

A

Provision secure websites & services

84
Q

HTTPS port?

A

TCP/443

85
Q

Identify port

TCP/443

A

HTTPS

86
Q

Meaning of SMB?

A

Server Message Block

87
Q

Purpose of SMB protocol?

A

Implement Windows-compatible file & printer sharing on a LAN

SMB differs from FTP by being primarily used in Windows environments

88
Q

What is the SMB protocol also referred to?

A

CIFS

89
Q

Meaning of CIFS?

A

Common Internet File System

90
Q

SMB port?

A

TCP/445

91
Q

Identify port

TCP/445

A

SMB

92
Q

Meaning of RDP?

A

Remote Desktop Protocol

93
Q

Purpose of RDP?

A

Make a secure connection to the graphical desktop of a computer

94
Q

RDP port?

A

TCP/3389

95
Q

Identify port

TCP/3389

A

RDP

96
Q

What are application protocols?

A

Rules & conventions used by software to communicate over a network

i.e. HTTP for web browsing, SMTP for email, FTP for file transfer, etc.

97
Q

Meaning of TCP?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

CompTIA A+ 1101 (Core 1)_ (28 decks)

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