2.1 Classification and Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Plants are broadly divided into which two groups

A

Flowering and non flowering

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2
Q

Animals are broadly divided into which two groups

A

Vertebrates (with backbone) and invertebrates

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3
Q

How do scientists classify living things into groups/taxa

A

Based on similar features

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4
Q

All groups/taxa

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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5
Q

Binomial system

A

Genus species

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6
Q

Why do we need scientific names?

A

Common names vary in different languages; this could cause confusion. A scientific name is universal, same in all languages - (everyone knows which organism is being referred to.)

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7
Q

Two different types of adaptations

A

Morphological and behavioural

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8
Q

Morphological adaptations

A

Structural adaptations of the organism e.g. colour of fur, shape of petal (external or internal)

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9
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

Includes the time of day when active, what it eats - animal behaviour

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10
Q

List the resources needed by living things (6) + needed by

A

Light - needed by plants to make food for energy
Food - animals for energy
Water - all living organisms for chemical reactions in cells
Oxygen - all living organisms for aerobic respiration - breaking down food to make energy
CO2 - plants for photosynthesis
Minerals - all living organisms for particular chemical reactions in cells

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11
Q

Why is energy needed

A

to carry out all living processes

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12
Q

Why are raw materials needed

A

For chemical processes and to build bodies

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13
Q

Intracompetition

A

Between members of the same species

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14
Q

Intercompetition

A

Between members of different species

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15
Q

Why do organisms need to compete with each other

A

For resources

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16
Q

What puts a limit on the potential size of a population

A

Competition

17
Q

Factors for competition

A

Resources
Predation
Disease
Pollution

18
Q

Biodiversity defintion

A

Variety of species and number of individuals within those species

19
Q

Why is biodiversity good :)

A

Because it leads to stable environments :) which can resist harmful situations

20
Q

How can biodiversity be maintained (6)

A
  • Measuring it and recording changes, making predictions with models
  • Breeding or release programs to boost populations
  • Active conservation of habitats/species
  • Creation of habitats that have declined
  • Legislation to protect habitats and species
  • Controlling pollution/other factors that threaten a habitat/species
21
Q

Why are quadrats used

A

To obtain data representing a large area

22
Q

Why are quadrats placed randomly

A

To avoid bias

23
Q

How to measure patterns of distribution of organisms

A

Placing quadrats at equal intervals along a transect

24
Q

Conditions that must apply for capture-recapture

A
  • Sufficient time between two samples so animals can mix
  • No large scale movement in/out
  • Marking technique does not limit organism’s chance of survival
25
Q

Why can introducing alien species cause problems (4)

A

Alien species may
- Have no predators in the area; its population may grow out of control
- compete with an existing species
- Prey on an existing species
- carry a disease to which it has immunity but existing populations do not

26
Q

Advantages of biological control

A
  • no chemicals/pesticides etc required - no bioaccumulation/pollution
  • no problems with resistance
27
Q

Disadvantages of biological control

A
  • Natural predator could become a pest itself (also puts pressure on environment)
  • will not completely eradicate pest
  • Takes longer