2.1 - Approaches In Psychology (set F - Biological Approach) Flashcards
What is the biological approach?
combines psychology and biology and aims to explain how we think and feel as a result of factors within our body
- focused more on the genetic basis of behvaiour
Outline 4 assumptions of the biological approach?
- investigates how biological structures and functions of the brain impacts on behaviour
- Much of behaviour has a biological cause which may be genetically or environmentally altered
- The nervous system including hormones and neurotransmitters affect behaviour
- Behaviour can be inherited (as it is determined by genetic information)
What does the biological approach say about disease and infections in regard to behaviour?
Infections and diseases can play a role in mental illness for example schizophrenia
- acknowledges that genes play a large role in certain disorders
Outline the influence of genes on behaviour?
Genes can carry instructions for characteristics eg personality or iq, However how it develops depends on interaction of the gene with other genes and the environment
- play a large part in certain disorders eg Schizophrenia
Define heritability?
amount of variation in a trait, or behaviour within a population that can be attributed to genetic differences
- studies of identical twins have suggested that the variation in individual intelligence could be 60-80% due to genes
Define genotype?
The genetic make-up of an individual - the genotype is a collection of inherited genetic material that is passed from generation to generation
define phenotype?
The observable characteristics of an individual - this is a consequence of the interaction of the genotype with the environment
Eg height or eye colour
Outline genetic variability?
genes function in pairs and the recombination of genes from parents to offspring provides the basis for genetic variability
Outline how the relationship between the genotype and phenotype is not direct?
if their are two identical twins (concordance rate of 100%) who’s parents are smart then they will have the genetic potential to also be smart - however if the environmental conditions were different for each twin then they could differ due to the environment affecting the expression of the gene
Outline the influence of neuron’s and the nervous system on behaviour?
- nervous system carries messages from one part of the body to another using neurons
- many aspects of behaviour are under neuronal control (eg breathing and eating)
Outline the systems which make up the nervous system?
- central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord
- peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprises the somatic and autonomic nervous system
Outline the influence of the brain on behaviour?
- largest part of brain is cerebrum (85% of total mass)
- outer surface of cerebrum called cerebral cortex - responsible for higher order functions (language and thought)
- cerebrum divided into two hemispheres each divided into 4 lobes
Outline how neurotransmitters work?
When nerve impulse reaches end of neurone, neurotransmitter is released, which travels across synapse
- two types excitatory neurotransmitters and inhibitory neurotransmitters
Outline what excitatory neurotransmitters are?
Neurotransmitters that trigger nerve impulses in the receiving neurone and stimulates the brain into action
Eg dopamine - associated with our ‘drive’ and motivation
Outline what inhibitory neurotransmitters are?
Neurotransmitters that inhibit nerve impulses in order to calm the brain and balance mood
- eg serotonin - adequate amounts are necessary to maintain a stable mood