2.1 Flashcards
what is relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an isotope compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon 12.
What is relative atomic mass ?
The weighted average mass of an isotope compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon 12.
What is Mr?
relative mass- the rfm of a formula.
No of particles =?
No of moles x avogandros
Mass=?
Moles x Mr
Mr=?
Mass / moles
What does weighed mean ?
Average based on abundance of what you’re measuring
What is empirical formula?
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
Concentration=?
Moles / volume
Volume =?
Moles / concentration
What is relative Atomic mass ?
Weighted average mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon 12.
Nitrate ?
NO3-
Carbonate?
CO32-
Sulphate ?
SO42-
Hydroxide ?
OH-
Ammonium?
NH4+
Zinc ion?
Zn 2+
Silver ion?
Ag+
What’s pressure measured in in pv=nrt?
Pascals
What’s volume measured in in pv=nrt?
Metres cubed
0 C= ?K
273
What’s room temp?
25 C
298K
What units of gas does n=v/24 use ?
Dm 3
What is oxidation in terms of electrons?
LOSS
What is reduction in terms of electrons ?
GAIN
What is a reducing agent ?
Substance (reactant) that is oxidised
What is an oxidising agent ?
Substance (reactant) that is reduced
What are the rules of assigning oxidation states ?
123 fluorine =-1 Hydrogen =1 except metal hydrides Oxygen = -2 except f20 and peroxides Chlorine =-1 except w oxygen
Chlorate ?
ClO (x) -
What is not included in ionic equations ?
Spectator ions
Solid ions
YOU CANT… (in ionic equations)
CANCEL OUT ATOMS
Atom economy=?
Mr of desired product/ Mr of all products
x100
What is an alkali ?
A type of base that is able to dissolve in water to form aqueous hydroxide ions, OH-.
What are amphoteric substances ?
When substances can behave as acids and bases, e.g. Amino acid molecule
What is an example of volumetric analysis ?
Titration
What happens during volumetric analysis ?
You measure the volume of 1 solution that reacts w the volume of a different solution
what is an acid?
something that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution.
what is a strong acid?
an acid that fully dissociates in solution.
what is a weak acid?
an acid that partially dissociates in solution.
Percent uncertainty ?
Equipment uncertainty x number of uses
^ divided by measured value
x100
what kind of reaction has 100 percent atom economy?
addition reaction
why would the result of a titration of vinegar produce wrong results and how would the experimental value change?
assume vinegar doesn’t contain any other acids-concentration of real vinegar of ethanoic acid would be less than experimental value.
WHAT ARE THE UNITS FOR PV=NRT
p=pascals
n=moles
t=kelvins
v=METRES CUBED
why is anything described as a salt?
because the H+ is replaced by ….
THIS IS V IMPORTANT
what should you include in a definition of an isotope?
ATOMS of an element
w different neutrons
what is a mole of a substance?
the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are carbon atoms in 12g of carbon 12.
instead of weighing scale, say…
balance
check the balance
the bank account balance
WHEN THEY ASK YOU WHAT A SALT IS OR WHY SOMETHING IS A SALT SAY
THE H+ ION OF AN ACID HAS BEEN REPLACED BY A METAL ION.
WHEN THEY ASK YOU WHY SOMETHING IS A BASE (IN TERMS OF PROTONS) SAY
IT HAS ACCEPTED A PROTON. IF ITS ONLY ACCEPTED 1 PROTON DON’T SAY ITS ACCEPTED PROTONS.
HOW CAN YOU TELL A NEUTRALISATION REACTION HAS TAKEN PLACE
BUBBLES
WHITE SOLID DISSAPEARS
WHEN DESCRIBING AN ACID MAKE SURE YOU ALWAYS SAY
PROTON DONOR
WHAT ARE SOME INDUSTRIAL USES OF AMMONIA (why was this a question who knows)
FERTILISER
MANUFACTURING: EXPLOSIVES, DYES, HN03
WHY DO ISOTOPES REACT THE SAME
they have the same number of protons and electrons, AND ELECTRONS IN THEIR OUTER SHELL.
WHEN PLOTTING A GRAPH
ALWAYS DRAW THE LINE OF BEST FIT
HOW MANY GRAMS IN A TONNE
1,000,000 (1 MILLION)
when describing why something’s a catalyst always mention.
that it’s regenerated.
when an ester forms what ‘type of reaction’ is it apparently?
esterification/condensation. you can’t say dehydration or elimination apparently.
