2.1 Flashcards
Photomicrographs
Photographs taken through a microscope.
Longitudinal Sections
sections cut along the length of a structure.
Transverse Sections
sections cut across the structure.
Sections are treated with dyes called -
stains
Stains help sections appear -
clear.
Cells come in different shapes and sizes but they all have these features present which are -
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Organelle are -
the tiny organs present in cells.
All Animal Cells have -
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Animal cells never have -
Cell walls
Chloroplasts
Sap Vacuoles
(although animal cells do have temporary small vacuoles to store food)
When some cells mature, they will lack -
cell parts.
e.g. red blood cells loose their nucleus
xylem cells loose their cytoplasm and nucleus
Not all plant cells contain chloroplasts. give examples
epidermis cells and root hair cells
Difference between chloroplasts and chlorophyll -
chlorophyll is the chemical found in structures called chloroplasts.
Plant cells have -
state 6
Cell walls Cell membrane Cytoplasm Chloroplasts Nucleus Sap vacuole
Cytoplasm function
- A site for chemical reactions.
2. Contains the organelles of a cell.
Cell membrane function
- Prevents the contents of a cell form escaping.
2. Controls the substances, which are allowed to enter or leave the cels.
Nucleus function
- controls cell development
- controls cell division
- controls cell activities
- controls the type and quantity of enzymes produced by the cytoplasm.
Why would a nucleus be shown darker than the cytoplasm under the microscope?
The nuclei in some cells take certain stains stronger.
A nucleus determines what a cell will be.
True
A cell without a nucleus cannot reproduce.
True
Cell Walls are living
False
Cell walls function
- prevents plant cells from bursting.
2. freely permeable - it allows water and salts to pass through.
Sap vacuole function
- contains salts and sugars.
2. keeps plant cells firm.
Chloroplast function
- traps light energy for photosynthesis
Almost all cells have mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum except -
Prokaryotes
Mitochondria function
- aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria.
Singular for mitochondria
Mitochondrion
Plural for nucleus
Nuclei
Cells with high rates of metabolism like liver cells for example, require large amounts of what and why?
Mitochondria and to provide sufficient energy.
Ribosomes function
- protein synthesis from amino acids
Endoplasmic Reticulum function
- produces proteins
- transports proteins
- stores proteins
Ribosomes can be found -
They can be found free in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.
