2.1 Flashcards
1
Q
what are cells organised into in complex organisms
A
- tissues
- organs
- organelles
2
Q
what is the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells
6 things
A
- cell envelope
- cytoplasm
- nucleoid
- plasmids
- 70S ribosomes
- cell wall
3
Q
nucleoid
A
- contains genomic DNA and molecules of RNA and proteins
4
Q
plasmids
A
- small circular double stranded DNA molecule
5
Q
70S ribosomes
A
- made up of a larger 50S subunit and a smaller 30S subunit
6
Q
ribosomes
A
- made out of RNA and proteins
- consists of two separate RNA protein complexes
7
Q
cell wall
A
- composed of a network of cellulose microfibrils and corss linking glycans
8
Q
gram positive bacteria
A
- thick peptidoglycan cell wall
- when combined with bacteria it stays purple
- no outer membrane
9
Q
gram negative bacteria
A
- thin peptidoglycan cell wall
- surrounded by outer membrane which contains lipopolysaccharide
- when stain combines with bacteria, it goes red
10
Q
why do some antibiotics work better on gram positive bacteria than gram negative
e.g. penicillin
A
- they inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cell wall
- because gram neg layer is very thin, the peptidoglycan layer is hidden and less vital to wall structure
11
Q
function of chloroplast
A
- produces energy through photosynthesis
12
Q
function of tonoplast
A
regulates movement of ions around the cell
13
Q
function of golgi apparatus
A
proteins received from endoplasmic reticulum and further processed and sorted for transport
14
Q
function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A
- used for the creation of lipids
15
Q
function of rough endoplasmic reticulum
A
- plays a role in the synthesis of various proteins
16
Q
function of nucleus
A
- stores the cell’s DNA
- facilitates transcription and translocation
17
Q
function of nucleolus
A
- produces and assembles the cell’s ribosomes
18
Q
function of mitochondria
A
- provides energy and generates ATP through oxidation
19
Q
function of lysosomes
A
- function as the digestive system of the cell
20
Q
function of vacuole
A
- filled with fluid - cell sap
- helps maintain pressure in plant cells
21
Q
function of cell wall
A
- provides tensile strnegth and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress
