2.1 Flashcards
neo-Confucianism
Confucianism w/ Buddhist/daoist influences revived during Song Dynasty
Zhoa Kuangyin
Unified China after Tang Dynasty, regional leader, created Song Dynasty
filial piety
the practice of honoring one’s ancestors. Trained China to honor the emperor. Correlates with Confucianism as a means of recreating the peaceful society before warring states period.
Tang Dynasty
Revived Confucianism from Han Dynasty, right before Song Dynasty,
Imperial Bureaucracy in China
Civil service exam, tens of thousands of staff memebers
Civil service exam
Needed to gain position in imperial bureaucracy, led to more efficient and competent bureaucracy, social mobility
Korea
Politically independent, tributary relationship w/ China,
Tributary relationship
Providing services, goods, products, military labour or labour to a civilization who dominates you
China’s influence on Korea
Confucianism in political structures, marginalized women, civil service exam for bureaucracy (mainly influenced elites)
Japan
separated from China by water, influences voluntarily allowed
China’s influence on Japan
Chinese Buddhism, Chinese writing system (mostly elites)
Vietnam
Champa rice, tributary relationship w/ China, politically independent, exalted women, female deities
China’s influence on Vietnam
Elites: Confucianism, Buddhism, Chinese literary techniques, civil service exam
Note: Confucianism w/o degrading women
Buddhism (original)
Started in India. Four Noble truths, the Eightfold Path, strictly atheistic
The Four Noble Truths
Life is suffering. We suffer because we crave. We stop suffering when we stop craving. The Eightfold Path leads to stopping suffering and craving.
Theravada Buddhism
Started in Sri Lanka. Confined to elites and monks, self-saving.
Mahayana Buddhism
Started in East Asia. Available to everyone, idolized Buddha, emphasized compassion
Tibetan Buddhism
Started in Tibet. Emphasized mystical practices like laying prostrate, elaborate images of deities.
Taoism
Teaches that living beings should live in balance with nature and the universe
Chinese Buddhism
Mixture of Taoism and Mahayana Buddhism
How did Song Dynasty accumulate wealth?
Commercialization, steel/iron production, agricultural prosperity, transportation innovations
Commercialization in China
The production of goods for distant markets. Resulted in paper money, credit systems, promissory notes, increased trade (wealth)
Steel/Iron production in China
tools for agriculture, armor, coins
Agricultural Prosperity in China
Provides for the most populous country in the world, excess of food to sell, population boom
Champa Rice
Champa Kingdom in Vietnam. Could be harvested 2-3 times per year, drought resistant
More food =
more babies
Transportation Innovation in China
Grand Canal, magnetic compass, shipbuilding
Grand Canal
Linked Yanzgi and Yellow Rivers, made trade/travel cheaper,
Magnetic compass
improved naval navigation, facilitated sea based trade
Shipbuilding in China
More trade, more accurate navigation. Watertight bulkheads, stern mounted rudders
Song State Structure
Censorate
Finance
army
justice
personnel
public works
rites
Effect of Chinese trade in Afro Eurasia
increasingly commercialized Chinese society, manufacturing flourished
Chinese innovations
gunpowder: daoists trying to find the elixir of life. used for fireworks and displays, THEN military use
WEALTH =
population + agricultural base + manufacturing
UNITY in Song China =
language + Confucianism + culture
