2.1 Flashcards
neo-Confucianism
Confucianism w/ Buddhist/daoist influences revived during Song Dynasty
Zhoa Kuangyin
Unified China after Tang Dynasty, regional leader, created Song Dynasty
filial piety
the practice of honoring one’s ancestors. Trained China to honor the emperor. Correlates with Confucianism as a means of recreating the peaceful society before warring states period.
Tang Dynasty
Revived Confucianism from Han Dynasty, right before Song Dynasty,
Imperial Bureaucracy in China
Civil service exam, tens of thousands of staff memebers
Civil service exam
Needed to gain position in imperial bureaucracy, led to more efficient and competent bureaucracy, social mobility
Korea
Politically independent, tributary relationship w/ China,
Tributary relationship
Providing services, goods, products, military labour or labour to a civilization who dominates you
China’s influence on Korea
Confucianism in political structures, marginalized women, civil service exam for bureaucracy (mainly influenced elites)
Japan
separated from China by water, influences voluntarily allowed
China’s influence on Japan
Chinese Buddhism, Chinese writing system (mostly elites)
Vietnam
Champa rice, tributary relationship w/ China, politically independent, exalted women, female deities
China’s influence on Vietnam
Elites: Confucianism, Buddhism, Chinese literary techniques, civil service exam
Note: Confucianism w/o degrading women
Buddhism (original)
Started in India. Four Noble truths, the Eightfold Path, strictly atheistic
The Four Noble Truths
Life is suffering. We suffer because we crave. We stop suffering when we stop craving. The Eightfold Path leads to stopping suffering and craving.
Theravada Buddhism
Started in Sri Lanka. Confined to elites and monks, self-saving.
Mahayana Buddhism
Started in East Asia. Available to everyone, idolized Buddha, emphasized compassion
Tibetan Buddhism
Started in Tibet. Emphasized mystical practices like laying prostrate, elaborate images of deities.
Taoism
Teaches that living beings should live in balance with nature and the universe
Chinese Buddhism
Mixture of Taoism and Mahayana Buddhism
How did Song Dynasty accumulate wealth?
Commercialization, steel/iron production, agricultural prosperity, transportation innovations
Commercialization in China
The production of goods for distant markets. Resulted in paper money, credit systems, promissory notes, increased trade (wealth)
Steel/Iron production in China
tools for agriculture, armor, coins
Agricultural Prosperity in China
Provides for the most populous country in the world, excess of food to sell, population boom
