2.1

Question 1

What is social control?

Answer 1

Persuading or compelling people to conform to society’s norms, laws and expectations.

Question 2

What is an internal form of social control?

Answer 2

Control of behaviour from within ourselves based on our values.

Question 3

Freud’s Theory

Answer 3

Superego tells us right and wrong and inflicts guilt when we fail. Develops during early family socialisation. Restrains the ‘animalistic’ Id - would lead to anti-social and criminal behaviour.

Question 4

Tradition and Culture

Answer 4

Teaches us values, norms and traditions. Muslims - Fasting during ramadan.

Question 5

Internalisation of social rules and morality

Answer 5

We learn social rules from parents and institutions, then adopt them as our own.

Question 6

Rational Ideology

Answer 6

We internalise social rules and use them to decide right and wrong - this enables us to stay within the law.

Question 7

What is socialisation?

Answer 7

Lifelong process where we learn social expectations ad how to interact with others.

Question 8

Agents of socialisation?

Answer 8

People/Organisations/Institutions that help us learn about the social world.

Question 9

Hidden curriculum

Answer 9

Schools teach us life skills like the important of obeying authority.

Question 10

Peer Pressure

Answer 10

Peers influence us by showing us values and opinions different to our own.

Question 11

Role of media

Answer 11

Children learn through media - may be exposed to content for mature audiences.
Children’s books reinforce gender roles.

Question 12

What is an external form of social control?

Answer 12

Society controls behaviour through agencies of social control.

Question 13

What are agencies of social control?

Answer 13

Organisations or institutions that impose rules on us:
Family - naughty step
Peers - shun someone for spreading lies
Education - detention

Question 14

Skinner’s Theory

Answer 14

Operant Conditioning - punishments deter undesired behaviour and rewards encourage desired behaviour.

Question 15

Police Formal Sanctions

Answer 15

Stop and Search
Arrest
Detain
Question

Question 16

CPS Formal Sanctions

Answer 16

Charge a suspect

Prosecute in court

Question 17

Judges and Magistrate Formal Sanctions

Answer 17

Bail accused/remand in custody

Send guilty to punishments

Question 18

Prison Service Formal Sanctions

Answer 18

Detain against will
Punish misbehaviour (solitary confinement)

Question 19

Coercion

Answer 19

The use of threat or violence to make someone do (or stop doing) something.
e.g. Prison sentence for stealing prevents further offending - at least for duration of sentence.

Question 20

Fear of Punishment

Answer 20

Threat that force will be used if the law is not obeyed.

Question 21

Control Theory

Answer 21

Travis Hirschi
People conform because they are controlled by their bonds to society - keeps them from deviating.
‘Delinquent acts occur when an individual’s bond to society is weak or broken’

Question 22

Attachments

Answer 22

Stronger attachment –> care about their opinions –> less likely to break norms

Question 23

Commitments

Answer 23

More committed to conventional lifestyle –> more risk of losing –> more likely to conform

Question 24

Involvement

Answer 24

More involved in productive things –> less time and energy for crime (is purpose of youth clubs)

Question 25

Beliefs

Answer 25

Socialised to believe it is right to obey the law –> less likely to break it

Question 26

Social Bond Theory

Answer 26

Internalised norms
conscience
desire for approval

Question 27

If individual’s bonds break

Answer 27

Individual is free to commit crime.