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history revision > 20th century health > Flashcards

20th century health Flashcards

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1
Q

Who did St Mary’s Hospital send to study infections in wounded soldiers during WWI?

A

Alexander Flemming

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2
Q

What germ caused septicaemia / Infections?

A

Staphylococci

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3
Q

How did Fleming discover penicillin in 1928?

A

By chance. Mould formed in one of his petri dishes whicle he was on holiday. It had killed the germ inside.

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4
Q

What test did Fleming fail to do which would have proved uesful?

A

He failed to inject penicillin into the blood stream.

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5
Q

Who developed the work of Fleming?

A

Florey and Chain who started to experiment on mice and humans in 1941.

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6
Q

Who did Florey and Chain first experiment on?

A

A policeman who had an infection from a rose. After initial improvement he died as there wasn’t enough antobiotic available.

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7
Q

How did war affect penicillin?

A

War spread up production due to large injury rates.

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8
Q

Describe penicillin use during World War Two

A

In 1943 1,000 soldiers were helped but by 1945 250,000

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9
Q

What % of soldiers would have died without penicillin during WWII?

A

15%

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10
Q

How did the government help with penicillin production after WWII?

A

There was a huge sponsored programme to produce the “wonder drug” and it was used to treat diseases such as; bronchitis wounds, abscesses and tonsillitis.

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11
Q

an you name three other antibiotics produced after penicillin?

A

Streptomycin for treating TB, Tetracyline for skin infections and Mitomycin used against cancer.

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12
Q

Which drug for sleeping resulted in the birth of babies with porly formed limbs?

A

Thalidomide

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13
Q

Name two antibiotic resistant superbugs.

A

MRSA and Norovirus

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14
Q

When was the first open heart surgery performed?

A

1950

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15
Q

When was the first kidney transplant in the UK?

A

1960

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16
Q

When was the first heart transplant in the UK?

A

1967

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17
Q

When was the first hip replacement performed in Britain?

A

1972

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18
Q

When were MRI scans first used?

A

1987

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19
Q

When was the first full face transplant?

A

2008

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20
Q

Can you list 4 examples of alternative medicine?

A

Hydrotherapy, aromatheraphy, hypnotherapy, acupuncture

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21
Q

During World War One, what did CCS stand for?

A

Casualty Clearing Stations

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22
Q

Can you list 4 technological improvements in medicine during World War One?

A

Mobile x-ray units, blood transfusions, skin grafts, the Thomas splint

23
Q

How many men suffered from shell shock during World War One

A

80,000

24
Q

Who developed the ‘talking cure’ for shellshock?

A

William Rivers

25
Q

Who developed new techniques in skin grafts?

A

Harold Gillies

26
Q

In what year were different blood groups discovered?

A

1901

27
Q

When anti-coagulant was added to blood, how long would it last?

A

28 days

28
Q

During World War Two, how many blood doners were used?

A

700,000

29
Q

What was known as the Spanish Lady?

A

The influenza pandemic 1918-1919

30
Q

How many people died in the flu pandemic 1918-1919

A

20-40 million (mostly 20-40 year olds!)

31
Q

How many people died from the 1918-1919 flu pandemic in the UK?

A

280,000

32
Q

What was the name of the world’s first test tube baby

A

Lousie Brown

33
Q

What type of surgery allows you to rejoin nerves and blood vessels

A

Micro Surgery

34
Q

In what year was DNA discovered?

A

1953

35
Q

What scans allow surgeons to see inside the body?

A

CAT and MRI scans

36
Q

Which war highlighted the poor health British workers

A

Boer war

37
Q

Which war highlighted the poor health British workers

A

Rowntree and Booth

38
Q

Which political party was elected in 1906, promising social reform?

A

The liberal party

39
Q

What reform did the Liberals introduce to improve children’s health?

A

Free School Meals (1906), School medical inspections (1907), Children’s Act (1908) and School Clinics (1912)

40
Q

Which Liberal reform helped sick workers avoid starvation?

A

National Insurance Act Part 1 (1911)

41
Q

Which Liberal reform helped the elderly?

A

Pensions Act (1909)

42
Q

Who wrote a report about the state of Britain during World War Two?

A

Sir William Beveridge (1942)

43
Q

How many copies of the Beveridge Report were sold in the first month?

A

100,000

44
Q

What did Beveridge say were the 5 giants of poverty?

A

Disease, want (need), ignorance, idleness and squalor (poor living conditions)

45
Q

When was the National Health Service (NHS) set up?

A

4th July, 1948

46
Q

How many new towns were built by 1948 and how many council homes build per year?

A

12 new towns and 280,000 council homes per year

47
Q

Before the NHS, how many people had never seen a doctor?

A

8 million

48
Q

How has life expectancy changed for men and women since 1948?

A

Women from 66 to 83 and men from 64 to 79

49
Q

When were charges first introduced for the NHS?

A

1952 - charges for glasses introduced, prescriptions cost 1s and dental treatment cost £1

50
Q

In December 1952, how many people were affected by the ‘killer smog’?

A

12,000 people died and 100,000 were taken ill

51
Q

When did the government pass the Clean Air Acts?

A

1956 and 1968 which tried to reduce the number of coal fires

52
Q

When was smoking in public places banned and smoking in cars with a child passenger?

A

2007 (public places) and 2015 (in cars with a child passenger)

53
Q

By 2014, how many people had died from AIDS

A

40 million

54
Q

How many in people in Britain currently have AIDS?

A

100,000

history revision (10 decks)

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