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Aural Rehab - Lectures - Unit 2 > 2.05 - Environmental Acoustics > Flashcards

2.05 - Environmental Acoustics Flashcards

0
Q

Communication Breakdown: Speaker

Can improper stress/inflection, rate of speech, and/or volume cause communication break downs?

A

Yes

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1
Q

What are the four factors that can add to communication difficulties?

A

Speaker

Message

Environment

Listener

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2
Q

Communication Breakdown: Message

Can poor grammar, incorrect vocabulary, inaccurate information, and vague intent cause communication breakdowns?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Communication Breakdown: Listener

Can HL, topic infamiliarity, poor listening skills, low cognitive skills, and/or poor attention cause communication breakdowns?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Communication Breakdown: Environment

Can poor lighting and competing stimuli cause communication breakdowns?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Communication Breakdown: Acoustics

Can reverberation, noise, and/or distance cause communication breakdowns?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Noise should not exceed ______ in classrooms of 20,000 cubic feet or less

A

35 dBA

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7
Q

Reverberation Times should be _______ in unoccupied classrooms.

A

0.4 sec - 06 sec

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8
Q

SNR should be at least ______ at the child’s ears

A

+15 dB

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9
Q

What four things can affect speech perception?

A

Noise

SNR

Reverberation

Distance

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10
Q

What is noise?

A

Any unwanted sound or auditory disturbance that interferes with what the listener wants to hear

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11
Q

Does most communication take place in noisy environments?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Does the impact of noise increase with distance from the sound source?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Is speech the worse kind of noise?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Is the effect of noise greatest on those who are deaf or hard of hearing?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What are the three times of classroom noise?

A

External noise (outside the classroom - traffic, airplanes)

Internal noise (inside building but outside room - hallway, playground)

Room Noise (other students, ventilation, etc.)

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16
Q

What is the noise level in most classrooms

A

51 dBA

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17
Q

What is the recommended classroom noise level according to ASHA and ASA?

A

35 dBA

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18
Q

What is dBA?

A

Environmental sound levels

Reduces the the level of sounds at low frequencies

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19
Q

Which is stronger for positive SNR: the signal or the noise?

A

Signal

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20
Q

Which is stronger for a negative SNR: the signal or the noise?

A

Noise

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21
Q

Do those with SNHL have a greater need for a positive SNR? How much for non-reverberant rooms? How much for reverberant rooms? Average SNR?

A

Yes

+5 - +10 dB = Non-reverberant rooms

+8 - +16 dB = Reverberant rooms

+15 dB = Average

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22
Q

What does HINT stand for?

A

Hearing In Noise Test

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23
Q

How are sentences presented in HINT?

A

At different loudness levels by a female speaker

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24
Q

What is the noise level in HINT?

A

A constant 65 dBA

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25
Q

Does HINT test both ears?

26
Q

What are the four different signal conditions used by HINT?

A

Speaker in front - quiet

Speaker from front - noise from front

Speaker in front - noise from right

Speaker in front - noise from left

27
Q

Is the loudness of the signal varied in HINT according the the patients success rate?

28
Q

At the end of HINT, you calculate how loud the signal needed to be in order to receive a score of _____%.

29
Q

If a 50% score is reached when the speech was 10 dB louder than noise, then the score is ____.

30
Q

The higher the SNR, the ________ the patient has hearing in noise.

A

More difficulty

31
Q

Do all children need a more favorable SNR than that needed by adults?

32
Q

On an articulation index, 0.2 is ____ audibility. 0.8 is ____ audibility.

33
Q

What is the precedence effect?

A

Someone’s ability to suppress echo-like sounds that arise from sound bouncing off reflective surfaces

34
Q

Do adults perceive a unified sound in reverberant rooms? Does this make it easier to locate the actual sound source?

35
Q

Is the precedence effect present at birth? When does it develop?

A

No

Around five but is not mastered until late teens

36
Q

Normal hearing children require a classrom SNR of _____.

37
Q

Do children with HL need a greater classroom SNR?

38
Q

Do young children need a greater classroom SNR?

39
Q

Do children learning a new language need a greater classroom SNR?

40
Q

Do children with LDs or attention difficulties need a greater classroom SNR?

41
Q

Do hearing aids amplify everything including noise?

42
Q

Is there scientific evidence to show that hearing aid filters the attenuate noise?

43
Q

Directional microphones can improve SNR by ____ dB.

44
Q

What is reverberation?

A

The prolongation of sound waves within a room as they are reflected off hard surfaces

45
Q

What is reverberation time?

A

The amount of time it takes for a loud sound to decrease to inaudiblity

The amount of time it takes a sound to attenuate 60 dB following the termination of the signal

46
Q

Why does reverberation create problems?

A

It masks the sound signal

Cause the prolongation of vowels which can mask consonants

47
Q

Does speech perception decrease as RT increases?

48
Q

Does sound fade quickly as distance increases?

49
Q

The sound signal decreases _____ every time the distance from the sound source is doubled.

50
Q

What is critical distance?

A

Where the intensity of the sound source is equal to the intensity of the reflected signal

51
Q

Do students with HL need to sit within critical distance?

52
Q

In an average sized classroom with an RT of 0.6 seconds, what is critical distance?

53
Q

For normal hearing children in typical classrooms, does speech recognition decrease with increased distance?

54
Q

Classroom noise should not exceed _____ dBA.

55
Q

Classroom SNRs should be _____ or better.

56
Q

In classrooms, RTs should be ______ unoccupied.

A

0.4 - 0.6 seconds

57
Q

How can we improve classroom acoustics?

A

Reduce external noise levels

58
Q

How can we reduce external noise levels in classrooms?

4

A

Work with architects and classrooms

Locate schools in quiet areas

Use double paned windows

Use well fitting doors

59
Q

What are seven ways to improve room acoustics?

A

Put acoustic tiles in the hallway

Don’t install ventilation ducts that connect classrooms to each other or to the hallway

Move classrooms for deaf/hard of hearing students away from noisy areas: playgrounds, gyms, cafeteria, etc.

Install acoustic treatments

Control background noise

Place deaf/hard of hearing students away from room noise

Use preferential seating, small groups, ALDs

60
Q

How can ALDs improve speech access?

A

They can reduce the effects of noise, reverberation, and distance

61
Q

How much can ALDs improve the SNR?

62
Q

Is improving visual cues (making sure your face is visible) a way to improve speech access?

63
Q

Which are better at improving SNRs: HAs or ALDs?

A

ALDs

HA cannot improve SNR

Aural Rehab - Lectures - Unit 2 (8 decks)

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