2.02 - Communication Strategies Flashcards
What does communication strategy training accomplish for the HI person?
Teaches them to maximize his/her communication potential
What are Communication Strategies?
A course of action taken to facilitate a conversational interaction or to rectify a problem that arises during conversation.
A strategy is a course of action taken to enhance communication.
What is the goal of Communication Strategies Training?
To develop skills that will help the HI to handle difficult communication situations assertiely and independently
Is communication training necessary because people with hearing loss and their families rarely develop effective communication and coping skills without training and practice?
Yes
Do communication rules govern effective communication?
Yes
Do communication rules may change from culture to culture?
Yes
Do communication rules help to maintain conversational fluency?
Yes
Is a lack of participation a breakdown of communication rules?
Yes
Is only one person is talking a breakdown of communication rules?
Yes
Is speaking out of turn/interrupting a breakdown of communication rules?
Yes
Is changing the topic of conversation a breakdown of communication rules?
Yes
Does hearing loss interfer in maintaining conversationaly fluency?
Yes
Can HL create a disrupted taking of turns in converation?
Yes
Can HL create a modified conversational style?
Yes
Can HL create inappropriate topic shifts in conversation?
Yes
Can HL cause someone to produce superficial content?
Yes
Can HL require frequent clarification?
Yes
Can HL create disrupted grounding?
Yes
What is Grounding?
Giving the conversation partner/s the background so the conversation can go forward on equal ground.
What are the four Conversational Styles?
Passive
Aggressive
Passive-aggressive
Assertive
What is a Passive Communicator?
Wants to appear cooperative at all costs.
Withdraws from conversation and social interactions rather than attempt to clear up problems.
Do passive communicators bluffs, speaks quietly, uses little eye contact, may seem withdrawn and expressionless, and avoid many social interactions?
Yes
May passive communicators feel frustrated, victimized, and helpless?
Yes
May passive communicators have difficulty seeing how their problem is the root cause of the feelings they have?
Yes
What is an aggressive communication style?
Opposite of passive
May aggressive communication seem belligerent, like they have bad attitude, don’t care about others and their opinions, are always on a “soap box”, and can be somewhat intimidating?
Yes
May aggressive communication blame others for their communication problems? (“You always mumble!” “You never told me we had an appointment at the bank this morning!”)
Yes
What is a passive-aggressive communication style?
Incorporates some passive and some aggressive behaviors.
Will a passive-aggressive communicator not make a big deal about missing part of the conversation but then manipulate the conversation or even take vengeance later?
Yes
Will a passive-aggressive communicator use sarcasm and be passive to your face but aggressive behind your back or be stubborn or use procrastination as a way of controlling the situation?
Yes
What is an assertive communication style?
Respectful behavior.
Honest and open with others about their challenges.
Will an assertive communicator take ownership for their disorder?
Yes
Are assertive communicators open to help and suggestions?
Yes
Will an assertive communicator acknowledge when they need to help?
Yes
Will an assertive communicator seek assistance?
Yes
Are Assertive Communicators afraid to disclose their hearing loss when necessary?
No
Do assertive communicators respect their communication partners by asking for, rather than demanding, help in communication?
Yes
Are assertive communicators afraid to use communication strategies or to advocate for themselves?
No
Do assertive communicators get their needs met?
Yes
Is admitting to another person that you have a hearing loss is only the first step?
Yes
Which is the most common communication style? Why?
Passive
Fear
What are the 4 factors that influence to speech recognition performance?
Speaker (talker)
Message
Environment
Listener
What are the three things that a HI individual needs to identify for better speech recognition?
Source of the difficulty
Implements a facilitative strategy
Determines whether the difficulty is resolved
What are three Speaker Modifications that can improve speech recognition?
Slow down
Speak clearly
Don’t exaggerate, etc.
What are four Message Modifications that can improve speech recognition?
Simplification of vocabulary or syntax
Use of concrete vocabulary
Provision of closed-set (choice) questions
Maintenance of topic
What are four Environmental Modifications that can improve speech recognition?
Ensure a favorable SNR
Face the speaker
Ensure optimal lighting
Decrease visual distractions
What are two Adaptive Listening Strategies?
Breathing, relax muscles, redirect thoughts
Dealing with emotions and negative behaviors
What are two Attending Listening Strategies?
To cues in the context: situational, contextual, linguistic facial expressions
Use speechreading techniques
What are two Anticipatory Listening Strategies?
Thinking about possible vocabulary and topic
Predict possible barriers to clear communication and how to fix them
What are Constructive Strategies?
How to enhance the communication environment
Listener (HI) must be able to identify what can be changed in the environment to improve their ability to understand speech.
Listener has to be able/willing to make the necessary changes.
What does an Adaptive Strategy do?
Counteracting maladaptive behaviors
What is Maladaptive behavior?
Bluffing, pretending to understand, domination of the conversation, withdrawal from social settings, allowing oneself to become angry or give in to self pity, etc.
What are Anticipatory strategies?
Anticipating what the topic of conversation might be, reviewing the type of vocabulary that might be used in the conversation
Is preparing for communication interaction an Anticipatory Strategy?
Yes
Is thinking about the vocabulary an Anticipatory Strategy?
Yes
Is reading up on information regarding a job interview (company statistics, who you will be meeting, etc.) an Anticipatory Strategy?
Yes
Is paying attention fo body language an Anticipatory Strategy?
Yes
Is paying attention to situational cues an Anticipatory Strategy?
Yes
When are Receptive Repair Strategies used?
Used when HI has not understood the communication.
Used to ameliorate a communication problem after it occurs
What is a Non-Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?
Huh? What? Pardon?
Implies lack of understanding but not what was missed
What is a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?
Asks for the information you need
Is repetition a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?
Yes
Is simplification a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?
Yes
Is elaboration a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?
Yes
Is asking for key words/phrases a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?
Yes
Is asking for information to be written down a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?
Yes
When are Expressive Repair Strategies used?
Strategies used when the HI uses speech that others do not understand.
Is asking for repetition (clearer, slower) an Expressive Repair Strategy?
Yes
Is simplification an Expressive Repair Strategy?
Yes
Are shorter sentences an Expressive Repair Strategy?
Yes
Is asking for a written message an Expressive Repair Strategy?
Yes
Is rephrase an Expressive Repair Strategy?
Yes
Is confirming the message an Expressive Repair Strategy?
Yes
Is avoiding non-specific statements an Expressive Repair Strategy?
Yes
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker first get the listener’s attention?
Yes
If you wait until he/she is ready to listen before you begin talking, you may not have to repeat yourself
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker shout?
Yes
Talking louder usually makes matters worse
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker Slow Down?
Yes
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker keep their face visible?
Yes
Do not put obstacles in front of your face. Do not have objects in your mouth such as gum, cigarettes or food.
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker get close?
Yes
It is best to move close to the listener before talking. This saves your voice from having to shout and makes you easier to understand
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker speak clearly?
Yes
Don’t exaggerate your pronunciation, but do try to finish speaking all the sounds of one word before you begin the next
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker rephrase when not understood?
Yes
If repeating one time doesn’t help, it is better to use different words to express the same idea
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker be patient, positive and relaxed?
Yes
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker state the topic?
Yes
Tell the listener what topic you are about to discuss or when the topic changes
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker use facial expressions and gestures?
Yes
These can help with understanding
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker confirm details?
Yes
Politely double check that key details of a message have been understood accurately
When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker pay attention to background noise?
Yes
If possible, turn the noise down or move to a quieter place
When communicating with someone with HL, when in doubt, should the talker ask the person with a hearing loss for suggestions on how to improve the communication?
Yes
What can I do to help you understand?
How can the message be tailored?
Yes/no answers
Limited choice answers
Etc.
Does message tailoring require a lot of skill?
Yes
You must think about what you want to say and then figure out how best to say it so it is understood.
Does message tailoring need acknowledgement gestures?
Yes
Having the person you are speaking to indicate that your message came across clearly
Shake head “Yes”, say “Yes”, etc.
Is bluffing dangerous to effective communication?
Yes
What are the four steps of Message Modification?
- Simplification of vocabulary or syntax
- Use of concrete vocabulary
- Provision of closed set (choice) question
- Maintain the topic of conversation
What are the five ingredients for a successful request?
Use “I” statements. Do not blame others.
Make a specific request.
Explain why you are making the request.
Be courteous.
Express your gratitude.
When communicating with someone with HL, what are some Constructive Strategies to modifying the Environment?
Analyze the environment and figure out what you need to do to maximize your abilities to hear and understand.
Will making sure the lighting allows for the face of the talker to be well lit help the individual with HL?
Yes
Will moving closer to the talker (if they are far away) lit help the individual with HL?
Yes
Will trying to eliminate or reduce background noise (for restaurants, choose quiet environments/areas) help the individual with HL?
Yes
Will avoiding rooms that have excessive reverberation help the individual with HL?
Yes.
Look for rooms w/ carpeting, smaller rooms
Will arriving early so you can get favorable seating help the individual with HL?
Yes
Will eliminate visual distractions (open windows, children, etc.) help the individual with HL?
Yes
Will positioning yourself to minimize glare help the individual with HL?
Yes
As the Listener with hearing loss, will paying attention help?
Yes
Concentration is very important
As the Listener with hearing loss, will developing good listening skills help?
Yes
Be attentive; don’t “talk over” others, wait your turn
As the Listener with hearing loss, will observing the talker help?
Yes
What you see can supplement what you hear
As the Listener with hearing loss, will planning ahead help?
Yes
Think about possible challenges to good understanding. Anticipate difficult situations and plan how to minimize problems.
As the Listener with hearing loss, will picking the best spot to communicate help?
Yes
Avoid areas that are poorly lit and very noisy.
As the Listener with hearing loss, will taking breaks if needed help?
Yes
Listening w/ a hearing loss can be tiring
As the Listener with hearing loss, will providing feedback help?
Yes
If you tell your partner what you heard, both of you will know right away if you understood correctly
As the Listener with hearing loss, will double checking details help?
Yes
Repeating what you understood someone to say can prevent confusion later on, especially dates and times. Ask for written clues of key words, if needed.
As the Listener with hearing loss, will bluffing help?
No
Pretending you understand when you don’t is a “no-win” situation.
As the Listener with hearing loss, will setting realistic goals about what you can expect to understand help?
Yes
Some situations are just too noisy to expect to understand clearly even with the best hearing aids
As the Listener with hearing loss, will making specific suggetions about how to talk to you help?
Yes
Ask the person to rephrase or slow down rather than just saying “What?”
Are abrupt changes in topic more likely to cause difficulty for the HI?
Yes
Are subtle shifts in topic (topic shading) likely to cause difficulty for the HI?
Yes
Are non-specific requests for repetition the most common receptive repair strategy for the HI?
Yes
Is verbatim repetition the most common response for the HI?
Yes
