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Aural Rehab - Lectures - Unit 2 > 2.02 - Communication Strategies > Flashcards

2.02 - Communication Strategies Flashcards

0
Q

What does communication strategy training accomplish for the HI person?

A

Teaches them to maximize his/her communication potential

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1
Q

What are Communication Strategies?

A

A course of action taken to facilitate a conversational interaction or to rectify a problem that arises during conversation.

A strategy is a course of action taken to enhance communication.

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2
Q

What is the goal of Communication Strategies Training?

A

To develop skills that will help the HI to handle difficult communication situations assertiely and independently

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3
Q

Is communication training necessary because people with hearing loss and their families rarely develop effective communication and coping skills without training and practice?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Do communication rules govern effective communication?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Do communication rules may change from culture to culture?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Do communication rules help to maintain conversational fluency?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Is a lack of participation a breakdown of communication rules?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Is only one person is talking a breakdown of communication rules?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Is speaking out of turn/interrupting a breakdown of communication rules?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Is changing the topic of conversation a breakdown of communication rules?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Does hearing loss interfer in maintaining conversationaly fluency?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Can HL create a disrupted taking of turns in converation?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Can HL create a modified conversational style?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Can HL create inappropriate topic shifts in conversation?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Can HL cause someone to produce superficial content?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Can HL require frequent clarification?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Can HL create disrupted grounding?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is Grounding?

A

Giving the conversation partner/s the background so the conversation can go forward on equal ground.

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19
Q

What are the four Conversational Styles?

A

Passive

Aggressive

Passive-aggressive

Assertive

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20
Q

What is a Passive Communicator?

A

Wants to appear cooperative at all costs.

Withdraws from conversation and social interactions rather than attempt to clear up problems.

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21
Q

Do passive communicators bluffs, speaks quietly, uses little eye contact, may seem withdrawn and expressionless, and avoid many social interactions?

A

Yes

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22
Q

May passive communicators feel frustrated, victimized, and helpless?

A

Yes

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23
Q

May passive communicators have difficulty seeing how their problem is the root cause of the feelings they have?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What is an aggressive communication style?

A

Opposite of passive

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25
Q

May aggressive communication seem belligerent, like they have bad attitude, don’t care about others and their opinions, are always on a “soap box”, and can be somewhat intimidating?

A

Yes

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26
Q

May aggressive communication blame others for their communication problems? (“You always mumble!” “You never told me we had an appointment at the bank this morning!”)

A

Yes

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27
Q

What is a passive-aggressive communication style?

A

Incorporates some passive and some aggressive behaviors.

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28
Q

Will a passive-aggressive communicator not make a big deal about missing part of the conversation but then manipulate the conversation or even take vengeance later?

A

Yes

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29
Q

Will a passive-aggressive communicator use sarcasm and be passive to your face but aggressive behind your back or be stubborn or use procrastination as a way of controlling the situation?

A

Yes

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30
Q

What is an assertive communication style?

A

Respectful behavior.

Honest and open with others about their challenges.

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31
Q

Will an assertive communicator take ownership for their disorder?

A

Yes

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32
Q

Are assertive communicators open to help and suggestions?

A

Yes

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33
Q

Will an assertive communicator acknowledge when they need to help?

A

Yes

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34
Q

Will an assertive communicator seek assistance?

A

Yes

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35
Q

Are Assertive Communicators afraid to disclose their hearing loss when necessary?

A

No

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36
Q

Do assertive communicators respect their communication partners by asking for, rather than demanding, help in communication?

A

Yes

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37
Q

Are assertive communicators afraid to use communication strategies or to advocate for themselves?

A

No

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38
Q

Do assertive communicators get their needs met?

A

Yes

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39
Q

Is admitting to another person that you have a hearing loss is only the first step?

A

Yes

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40
Q

Which is the most common communication style? Why?

A

Passive

Fear

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41
Q

What are the 4 factors that influence to speech recognition performance?

A

Speaker (talker)

Message

Environment

Listener

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42
Q

What are the three things that a HI individual needs to identify for better speech recognition?

A

Source of the difficulty

Implements a facilitative strategy

Determines whether the difficulty is resolved

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43
Q

What are three Speaker Modifications that can improve speech recognition?

A

Slow down

Speak clearly

Don’t exaggerate, etc.

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44
Q

What are four Message Modifications that can improve speech recognition?

A

Simplification of vocabulary or syntax

Use of concrete vocabulary

Provision of closed-set (choice) questions

Maintenance of topic

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45
Q

What are four Environmental Modifications that can improve speech recognition?

A

Ensure a favorable SNR

Face the speaker

Ensure optimal lighting

Decrease visual distractions

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46
Q

What are two Adaptive Listening Strategies?

A

Breathing, relax muscles, redirect thoughts

Dealing with emotions and negative behaviors

47
Q

What are two Attending Listening Strategies?

A

To cues in the context: situational, contextual, linguistic facial expressions

Use speechreading techniques

48
Q

What are two Anticipatory Listening Strategies?

A

Thinking about possible vocabulary and topic

Predict possible barriers to clear communication and how to fix them

49
Q

What are Constructive Strategies?

A

How to enhance the communication environment

Listener (HI) must be able to identify what can be changed in the environment to improve their ability to understand speech.

Listener has to be able/willing to make the necessary changes.

50
Q

What does an Adaptive Strategy do?

A

Counteracting maladaptive behaviors

51
Q

What is Maladaptive behavior?

A

Bluffing, pretending to understand, domination of the conversation, withdrawal from social settings, allowing oneself to become angry or give in to self pity, etc.

52
Q

What are Anticipatory strategies?

A

Anticipating what the topic of conversation might be, reviewing the type of vocabulary that might be used in the conversation

53
Q

Is preparing for communication interaction an Anticipatory Strategy?

A

Yes

54
Q

Is thinking about the vocabulary an Anticipatory Strategy?

A

Yes

55
Q

Is reading up on information regarding a job interview (company statistics, who you will be meeting, etc.) an Anticipatory Strategy?

A

Yes

56
Q

Is paying attention fo body language an Anticipatory Strategy?

A

Yes

57
Q

Is paying attention to situational cues an Anticipatory Strategy?

A

Yes

58
Q

When are Receptive Repair Strategies used?

A

Used when HI has not understood the communication.

Used to ameliorate a communication problem after it occurs​

59
Q

What is a Non-Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?

A

Huh? What? Pardon?

Implies lack of understanding but not what was missed

60
Q

What is a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?

A

Asks for the information you need

61
Q

Is repetition a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

62
Q

Is simplification a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

63
Q

Is elaboration a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

64
Q

Is asking for key words/phrases a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

65
Q

Is asking for information to be written down a Specific Receptive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

66
Q

When are Expressive Repair Strategies used?

A

Strategies used when the HI uses speech that others do not understand.

67
Q

Is asking for repetition (clearer, slower) an Expressive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

68
Q

Is simplification an Expressive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

69
Q

Are shorter sentences an Expressive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

70
Q

Is asking for a written message an Expressive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

71
Q

Is rephrase an Expressive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

72
Q

Is confirming the message an Expressive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

73
Q

Is avoiding non-specific statements an Expressive Repair Strategy?

A

Yes

74
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker first get the listener’s attention?

A

Yes

If you wait until he/she is ready to listen before you begin talking, you may not have to repeat yourself

75
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker shout?

A

Yes

Talking louder usually makes matters worse

76
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker Slow Down?

A

Yes

77
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker keep their face visible?

A

Yes

Do not put obstacles in front of your face. Do not have objects in your mouth such as gum, cigarettes or food.

78
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker get close?

A

Yes

It is best to move close to the listener before talking. This saves your voice from having to shout and makes you easier to understand

79
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker speak clearly?

A

Yes

Don’t exaggerate your pronunciation, but do try to finish speaking all the sounds of one word before you begin the next

80
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker rephrase when not understood?

A

Yes

If repeating one time doesn’t help, it is better to use different words to express the same idea

81
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker be patient, positive and relaxed?

A

Yes

82
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker state the topic?

A

Yes

Tell the listener what topic you are about to discuss or when the topic changes

83
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker use facial expressions and gestures?

A

Yes

These can help with understanding

84
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker confirm details?

A

Yes

Politely double check that key details of a message have been understood accurately

85
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, should the talker pay attention to background noise?

A

Yes

If possible, turn the noise down or move to a quieter place

86
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, when in doubt, should the talker ask the person with a hearing loss for suggestions on how to improve the communication?

A

Yes

What can I do to help you understand?

87
Q

How can the message be tailored?

A

Yes/no answers

Limited choice answers

Etc.

88
Q

Does message tailoring require a lot of skill?

A

Yes

You must think about what you want to say and then figure out how best to say it so it is understood.

89
Q

Does message tailoring need acknowledgement gestures?

A

Yes

Having the person you are speaking to indicate that your message came across clearly

Shake head “Yes”, say “Yes”, etc.

90
Q

Is bluffing dangerous to effective communication?

A

Yes

91
Q

What are the four steps of Message Modification?

A
  1. Simplification of vocabulary or syntax
  2. Use of concrete vocabulary
  3. Provision of closed set (choice) question
  4. Maintain the topic of conversation
92
Q

What are the five ingredients for a successful request?

A

Use “I” statements. Do not blame others.

Make a specific request.

Explain why you are making the request.

Be courteous.

Express your gratitude.

93
Q

When communicating with someone with HL, what are some Constructive Strategies to modifying the Environment?

A

Analyze the environment and figure out what you need to do to maximize your abilities to hear and understand.

94
Q

Will making sure the lighting allows for the face of the talker to be well lit help the individual with HL?

A

Yes

95
Q

Will moving closer to the talker (if they are far away) lit help the individual with HL?

A

Yes

96
Q

Will trying to eliminate or reduce background noise (for restaurants, choose quiet environments/areas) help the individual with HL?

A

Yes

97
Q

Will avoiding rooms that have excessive reverberation help the individual with HL?

A

Yes.

Look for rooms w/ carpeting, smaller rooms

98
Q

Will arriving early so you can get favorable seating help the individual with HL?

A

Yes

99
Q

Will eliminate visual distractions (open windows, children, etc.) help the individual with HL?

A

Yes

100
Q

Will positioning yourself to minimize glare help the individual with HL?

A

Yes

101
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will paying attention help?

A

Yes

Concentration is very important

102
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will developing good listening skills help?

A

Yes

Be attentive; don’t “talk over” others, wait your turn

103
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will observing the talker help?

A

Yes

What you see can supplement what you hear

104
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will planning ahead help?

A

Yes

Think about possible challenges to good understanding. Anticipate difficult situations and plan how to minimize problems.

105
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will picking the best spot to communicate help?

A

Yes

Avoid areas that are poorly lit and very noisy.

106
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will taking breaks if needed help?

A

Yes

Listening w/ a hearing loss can be tiring

107
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will providing feedback help?

A

Yes

If you tell your partner what you heard, both of you will know right away if you understood correctly

108
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will double checking details help?

A

Yes

Repeating what you understood someone to say can prevent confusion later on, especially dates and times. Ask for written clues of key words, if needed.

109
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will bluffing help?

A

No

Pretending you understand when you don’t is a “no-win” situation.

110
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will setting realistic goals about what you can expect to understand help?

A

Yes

Some situations are just too noisy to expect to understand clearly even with the best hearing aids

111
Q

As the Listener with hearing loss, will making specific suggetions about how to talk to you help?

A

Yes

Ask the person to rephrase or slow down rather than just saying “What?”

112
Q

Are abrupt changes in topic more likely to cause difficulty for the HI?

A

Yes

113
Q

Are subtle shifts in topic (topic shading) likely to cause difficulty for the HI?

A

Yes

114
Q

Are non-specific requests for repetition the most common receptive repair strategy for the HI?

A

Yes

115
Q

Is verbatim repetition the most common response for the HI?

A

Yes

Aural Rehab - Lectures - Unit 2 (8 decks)

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