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Y2: Carpenter Theory > 202aA - 202bB - Roof/Truss Framing Systems > Flashcards

202aA - 202bB - Roof/Truss Framing Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Is a flat roof member a ceiling joist?

A

No it’s a roof joist

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2
Q

Why do we need look out joists on flat roofs?

A

Maintain same overhang on whole building; similar to hip jacks on a hip roof….but flay

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3
Q

Do we need a centre drain on parapet flat roofs?

A

Yes. Water can’t drain past the parapet built up border

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4
Q

Which roofs typically have ONE sloping surface?

A

Shed

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5
Q

When do we need TWO birds mouths?

A

Shed/single slope roofs

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6
Q

Do gable roofs have TWO slopes?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Do hip roofs have FOUR slopes sides?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What types of rafters are used for gambrels?

A

Only common rafter style cuts

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9
Q

Mansarda have EIGHT surfaces?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What does a dutch roof combine?

A

Gable roof leading into a hip slope

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11
Q

What’s an “inverted gable called? Looks like an insect

A

Butterfly roof

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12
Q

What two roofs does a monitor roof combine?

A

Gable and shed

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13
Q

Do dormers add livable space?

A

They can. Similar to an intersecting roof but built into a major roof

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14
Q

Rake rafter two synonyms

A

Fly rafter
Barge rafter

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15
Q

Common
Barge
Dropped gable

A

3 typical rafters on a gable roof

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16
Q

Is fascia on all 4 sides of a gable roof?

A

No, just two along building length

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17
Q

Do collar ties provide intermediate support or tie rafters together?

A

Intermediate support

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18
Q

What pieces do we frame in order to sheet a gable end face?

A

Gable studs

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19
Q

What is different between a theoretical line and a rafter IRL?

A

Rafter = theoretical - shortenings based off material sizes and thicknesses

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20
Q

Ridge
Birdsmouth
Fascia

A

3 working points on rafter latout

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21
Q

Seat and plumb

A

2 cuts on a roof

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22
Q

Single Cheek/bevel, double cheek/double bevel

A

Types of bevels you account for material meeting points on a roof

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23
Q

Is the roof span between opposing birdsmouth plumb cuts?

A

Yes

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24
Q

Is rise measured from birdsmouth seat cut?

A

Yes

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25
Q

Is ridge Center to BM plumb the roof

A

Yes

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26
Q

what is the wood left over after making a BM seat cut?

A

Wood above plate WAP

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27
Q

Close; no overhang
Open: sloped overhang no soffit
Sloped box: sloped overhang with soffit
Flat box: flat overhang for soffit underneath

A

4 main cornices

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28
Q

Do cornice returns transition the flat eaves soffit to the sloped eaves at the end of a gable?

A

Yes

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29
Q

Why do we need frieze boards on close cornices?

A

No overhang so need to transition from siding to shingle overhang

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30
Q

Sqrt of (rise/run)^2 + 1

A

SGF90

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31
Q

Sqrt of (rise/run)^2 + 2

A

SGF45

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32
Q

SIMILAR TRIANGELES can be compared with roof slope?

A

Yes. Rise/run = x/horizontal measurement….sub for rise

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33
Q

How do we quack and easy get a COMMON or HIP JACK rafter length?

A

Run x SGF90

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34
Q

Is line length and total line length the same?

A

No. TLL adds on line length of BM plumb cut to outside of fascia at overhang

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35
Q

Ridge
BM plumb
Fascia

A

3 working points on theoretical measuring line (LINES ON A BLUEPRINT)

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36
Q

Can we use stair gauges for the same cuts on rafters?

A

Yeah, keep angles the same

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37
Q

What’s stair gauges set at 100mm on tongue and 400mm on body?

A

A 3:12 roof pitch

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38
Q

Do we measure down material edges for shortenings?

A

Never. 90deg from plumb or seat cuts

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39
Q

1) working points
2) mark plumb lines at each
3) shorten 1/2 ridge at top
4) shorten full fascia at bottom
5) layout BM with 1/3:2/3 rule along PLUMB line

A

Basic steps to layout common rafters

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40
Q

Do we need to subtract 10mm from a seat cut when we need to shorten for fascia height?

A

Yes. Shrinkage

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41
Q

Given a seat cut length, how do we put it in a BM?

A

1)Measure 90deg from plumb line the required distance
2) plumb a line from the end of that point
3) make seat cut where it intersects board edge

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42
Q

Building length + overhang on each end

A

Ridge length

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43
Q

Splice ridges at opposing rafters?

A

Yes

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44
Q

Gussets to join common rafters when no ridge material?

A

Yes

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45
Q

Can we use SGF For gable studs?

A

Nope! Compare triangles!

Rise/run = x/y

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46
Q

Do we need to account for theoretical lines, ridge size, and WAP for CENTRE gable studs?

A

Yes. Theoretical length + WAP gets you to the top of the ridge. Compare ridge thickness “run” to roof slope to get to top of ridge. Subtract ridge thickness to get to top point of center gable stud

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47
Q

If we have roof slope and OC can we find our gable stud lengths?

A

Yes. Create common difference by comparing roof slope to OC.

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48
Q

Why do we notch gable studs?

A

So gable rafter can sit in place and be flush for sheathing

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49
Q

Do ridges go up first on gable roofs?

A

Yes. Braced to provide starting points for fastening common rafters

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50
Q

Can we use a commmon rafter to EXTEND seat and plumb cuts from the ridge and BM in order to create dropped gables?

A

Yes

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51
Q

Do dropped gables have birdsmouth?

A

No they generally sit flat on the roof edge with only a seat cut

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52
Q

If my OC is 600 and my overhang is 400, how long is my lookout?

A

OC + overhang = 1000mm

53
Q

Do lookout rest on EDGE on TOP a dropped gable

A

Yes

54
Q

When do we lay lookouts on flat?

A

When they are notched into a gable instead of dropping the gable

55
Q

1) two hands on material hanging off roof
3) gun towards you

A

Main dangers of fascia installation

56
Q

Is fascia fastened to the top edge of common rafters?

A

No. must plane down to match roof slope

57
Q

Can we use string lines to straighten fascia HORIZONTALLY?

A

Yes

58
Q

Dwarf
Collar tie
Strut

A

3 ways to provide intermediate support for rafters and SHORTEN THEIR UNSUPPORTED LENGTH

59
Q

Can i leave ceiling joists alone if I build dwarf walls?

A

No. Increase depth by AT LEAST 1” (25mm)

60
Q

Are hip and common rafter roses identical?

A

Yes

61
Q

1.414

A

The hip rafter run as compared to a “base 1” common rafter run

62
Q

What is a pin rafter the same as?

A

Common rafter but used on the end of a hip roof

63
Q

Do we shorten a hip rafter at the top based on the common rafter or ridge material?

A

COMMON RAFTER 1/2 DIAGONAL

64
Q

6/12 and 6/17

A

Approximate slopes of equal slopes common and hip rafters

65
Q

Inside = 1/2 diagonal
Outside = full diagonal

A

Shortenings for hips or valleys if the material is inside or outside the house

66
Q

38–>27–>54
19–>13.5–>27

A

Horizontal, half diagonal, full diagonal thicknesses

67
Q

Measuring forward and back 1/2 the material thickness and cutting bevels

A

Double cheek cut layout

68
Q

On a hip rafter, we measure AHEAD 1/2 it’s thickness then create a new plumb line to….

A

Create a new seat cut that matches the WAP of common rafters and allows the hip to plane out with the commons

69
Q

Why do we (not often) bevel the top edge of the hip rafter?

A

Alternative to dropping in order for material to plane out

70
Q

1) working points
2) ridge and fascia shortenings + level cut at tail for fascia width
3) common rafter WAP measurement
4) BM dropped according to hip 1/2 thickness and WAP from 3)
5) square or cheek BM plumbs

A

Hip rafter layout

71
Q

90deg to walls from plate to hip rafter

A

Hip jack

72
Q

Are hip jack common differences = run?

A

No. CD is on a slope not horizontal

73
Q

If my hip jacks are all meeting at the same point on each side of a hip, is my common RUN difference the OC?

A

Yes. BUT ONLY THE RUN NOT THE LINE LENGTH

74
Q

OC x SGF90

A

Common difference for hip jacks

75
Q

Common rafter LL - CD (common difference)

A

Adjacent hip jack LL

76
Q

Do hip jacks need single cheeks?

A

Yes. They meet at 45deg to hip rafter

77
Q

Building length - width

A

Hip roof ridge

78
Q

Hip ridge + 1/2 common rafter thick + 1/2 common rafter thick

A

Ridge cutting length

79
Q

Major and minor ridges meet

A

Equal SPAN intersecting roof

80
Q

Minor ridge does not touch major ridge

A

unequal SPAN intersecting roof

81
Q

Valley rafter = hip rafter

A

Equal span intersecting roof

82
Q

Supporting valley = major hip rafter

A

Yes

83
Q

Hip to plate

A

Hip jack

84
Q

Hip to valley

A

Hip valley cripple jack

85
Q

Supporting valley to valley

A

Valley cripple jack

86
Q

Ridge to valley

A

Valley jack

87
Q

Ridge to cap (5) rafters

A

Common
Pin
Hip
Supporting valley
Supported valley

88
Q

Plan view rafter runs x SGF90 or SGF45

A

Valley and hip jack line lengths

89
Q

Hip LL = supporting valley LL

A

Yes

90
Q

Do we need to “back” the supporting valley BM plumb?

A

Yes, so the top will plane with the commons

91
Q

Supported valley = minor hip

A

Yes

92
Q

Are supported valley too shortenings done at horizontal thickness or diagonal thickness?

A

Horizontal. Butt into supporting rafter at 90deg

93
Q

Valley jack = distance from intersection of supporting/supported

A

Yes

94
Q

RUN of major valley jack = common run - valley jack offset from building edge

A

Yes

95
Q

OC x SGF

A

LINE LENGTH Common difference

96
Q

Valley cripple jack RUN = 2x distance from valley rafter intersection

A

Yes

97
Q

Hip valley cripple jack RUN = offset from building of intersections portion

A

Yes

98
Q

Run x SGF

A

Line length

99
Q

Major width + minor projection + overhang

A

Equal span gable intersecting roof

100
Q

Intersecting roof projection = ridge LL?

A

Yes

101
Q

Unequal span gable ridge LL = projection + 1/2 minor span + overhang

A

Yes

102
Q

Do metal connectors make trusses stronger and able to be built larger to span further?

A

Yes

103
Q

Truss for exterior and interior slopes (vaulted ceiling)

A

Scissor

104
Q

Truss under vertical AND horizontal deflection

A

Scissor

105
Q

Single sloped truss

A

Mono

106
Q

Pratt and Warren Co.

A

The flat truss company

107
Q

Flat and sloped ceiling (combined) truss

A

Combination truss

108
Q

Unequal slope truss

A

Dual slope truss

109
Q

Attic livable space truss

A

Attic truss

110
Q

Truss for hips and hip corners

A

Flat top
Jack truss

111
Q

“Cut off” looking truss

A

Bobtail for two different ceiling levels

112
Q

Truss for extra insulation

A

Raised heel

113
Q

Truss built on another truss

A

Piggyback; for massive stuff transporting

114
Q

3 trusses nailed together

A

Girder truss

115
Q

Trusses that work down into smaller and smaller proportional triangles

A

Valley trusses

116
Q

Do we install sheathing before valley trusses?

A

Yes

117
Q

Can we stack shingle lifts all in one spot?

A

No. Must be spread out as trusses aren’t engineered for heavy live loads

118
Q

1/2” between cap plate and truss webbing

A

12.5mm (1/2”) maximum bearing gap rule

119
Q

Truss supported at ends = top chord compression and bottom chord tension?

A

Yes

120
Q

Keep trusses flat when loading and storing?

A

Yes

121
Q

Use bundle strapping to lift trusses?

A

Never

122
Q

6” over 20’

A

Maximum bend allowed in truss when lifting flat from each end

123
Q

Single point truss pick up

A

20’

124
Q

Dual point truss pick up at 60deg straps

A

30’

125
Q

Spreader bar lift

A

30-60’ truss

126
Q

Strong back at mid-height on truss

A

60’+ truss lift

127
Q

Bottom chord brace
Top chord brace
Diagonal brace
Diagonal centre web brace

A

Bracing for lifting pre-assembled truss sections

128
Q

Building length
- building width
+ 1 common rafter thickness

A

Hip roof Beam cutting length

129
Q

Is RAFTER span from the point where the rafter touches the wall plate (not birdsmouth) to the point where it touches the ridge board?

A

Yes

Y2: Carpenter Theory (10 decks)

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