2025 Flashcards
noun
1-the force that keeps an object moving:
2- the quality that keeps an event developing or making progress after it has started:
momentum
/məˈmen.t̬əm/
1- The spacecraft will fly around the earth to gain/gather momentum for its trip to Jupiter.
2- The play loses momentum (= becomes less interesting, energetic, etc.) by its half way stage.
Thеrе aге rеasons Ьoth for thе long dеlay and why thе Evolution theory finally bеgan to gain momеntum.
adj
always being careful to notice things, especially possible danger
vigilant
/ˈvɪdʒ.əl.ənt/
Following the bomb scare at the airport, the staff have been warned to be extra vigilant.
noun
something you buy or keep to help you remember a holiday or special event
souvenir /ˌsuː.vəˈnɪr/
We brought back a few souvenirs from our holiday in Mexico.
verb
(of two teams, etc.) to have the same number of points
synonym draw
tie (with somebody)
- England tied 2–2 with Germany in the first round.
-
tie for something: They tied for second place.
tie something: The scores are tied at 3–3. Last night’s vote was tied.
noun
- the ability to be happy, successful, etc. again after something difficult or bad has happened
- the ability of a substance to return to its usual shape after being bent, stretched, or pressed
resilience /rɪˈzɪl.jəns/
- Trauma researchers emphasize the resilience of the human psyche.
- The plant fibre has incredible strength and resilience.
noun
sympathy that you feel for somebody when a person in their family or that they know well has died; an expression of this sympathy
condolences /kənˈdəʊləns/
- Accept my condolences
- to give/offer/express your condolences
- Our condolences go to his wife and family.
- a letter of condolence
noun
Represents bravery and strength of character in difficult situations. It also refers to very small particles of stone or sand.
grit /ɡrɪt/
adj
Extremely funny and causing a lot of laughter
hilarious /hɪˈler.i.əs/
Synonym : uproarious
He didn’t like the film at all - I thought it was hilarious.
verb
to be moving around quietly in a place trying not to be seen or heard:
prowl /praʊl/
- Wolves are on the prowl
adj
not capable of being imagined or grasped mentally; unbelievable
inconceivable
Since is inconceivable that all religions can be right, the most reasonable conclusion is that they are all wrong. Hitchens
noun
A law that forces people to stay indoors after a particular time at night, or the time people must be indoors
curfew
phr v
To discuss a problem with someone before deciding what to do
Talk sth <-> over
[+with]
idiom
Slightly ill
under the weather
You look a bit under the weather
adj
A part of your body that is … is bigger than usual, esp because you are ill or injured
swollen
THESAURUS
to believe that something is true when it is not
be under the impression (that)
I’m sorry, I was under the impression that you were the manager
idiom
idiom describes the idea that poor-quality input will inevitably lead to poor-quality output?
Garbage in, garbage out
- He’s filling his head with nonsense, so it’s not surprising he doesn’t seem very bright. Garbage in, garbage out, as they say.”
adj
Bad and unsuccessful
dismal
- Parents are often dismal role models.
verb
To annoy someone very much by doing something that they do not like
antagonize
/ænˈtæɡ.ə.naɪz/
- Do not antagonize your customers.
noun
These figures, known as …, were carved on Easter Island, eastern Polynesia, by the Rapa Nui people ça 1250-1500
Moai
adj
excellent, or beautiful and impressive:
splendid
/ˈsplen.dɪd/
- Guy P. Harrison does a splendid job of critically examining the many reasons people offer in support of their religious beliefs.
noun
Someone who supports a particular party, person or set of idea
adherent
/ədˈhɪr.ənt/
- Adherents of contradictory religions.
adj
… sentences, explanations, arguments, etc. are unreasonably long and difficult to understand:
convoluted
/ˈkɑːn.və.luː.t̬ɪd/
- His grammar explanations are terribly convoluted.
- Her book is full of long, convoluted sentences.
noun Formal
A very strong feeling for or belief in it
ferver
- “Religious fervour” → شور مذهبی
- “Fervour of love” → حرارت عشق
verb
(especially of moving objects) to hit something violently:
collide
/kəˈlaɪd/
- The two vans collided at the crossroads.
verb
to say that something that somebody else has said is wrong, and that the opposite is true
contradict
/ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt/
- Very different religions contradict each other and cancel out each other’s creditability.
philosophy
(c. 494 – c. 434 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who proposed that all matter is composed of four “roots” or elements: earth, air, fire, and water.
Empedocles
- Thе idеa that all organisms (inсluding humans) arе gеnеratеd by natural mеans from othег forms has anсiеnt roots. Aristotlе tеlls us that Empedocles (fifth сеntury в.с.в.) toyеd with suсh thoughts. Page 1
phrasal verb
If you …. .. …. A plan or idea, you think of it and suggest it
come up with
- Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.
adj
happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced:
Spontaneous
/spɑːnˈteɪ.ni.əs/
- His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.
- approving She’s such a spontaneous, lively woman.
noun
the areas that form the edge of a town or city
the outskirts
- The factory is in/on the outskirts of New Delhi.
noun
a detailed plan or route of a journey:
itinerary
- The tour operator will arrange transport and plan your itinerary.
idiom
to accept an unpleasant fact or situation after dealing with it for a while
get over
- They’re upset that you didn’t call, but they’ll get over it.
Archeology
The Swiss Army knife of the stone age
handaxe
- The pointed end could be used as a drill, while the long blades on either side would cut trees or meat or scrape bark or skins
1.2–1.4 MILLION YEARS OLD
A handaxe, built by a piece of volcanic rock,
it was found in East Africa
Olduvai Handaxe
- it was found in East Africa, at Olduvai Gorge, the great cleft in the savannah in Tanzania.
noun
If you can shape a stone you can shape a ….
A history of the world in 100 objects. Pg 17
Sentence
- Recently, scientists have looked at what happens neurologically when a stone tool is being made. They have used modern hospital scanners to see which bits of the brain are activated as knappers work their stone. Surprisingly, the areas of the modern brain that you use when you’re making a handaxe overlap considerably with those you use when you speak. It now seems very likely that if you can shape a stone you can shape a sentence.
idiom
Make something stop happening
put an end to something
phrasal verb
to be similar to an older member of your family in appearance or character:
take after
- He takes after his mother/his mother’s side of the family.
noun
someone who is elected to speaks or does something officially for another person or group of people:
representative
/ˌrep.rɪˈzen.t̬ə.t̬ɪv/
healthcare jargon
A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body.
organ
healthcare jargon
A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.
ophthalmologist
- They can perform eye exams, prescribe glasses or contact lenses, and treat various eye diseases and conditions.
healthcare jargon
A medical doctor who focuses on the cardiovascular (heart and blood vessels) system.
Cardiologist
noun Disapproval
An idea or phrase which has been used so much that it is no longer interesting or effective or no longer has much meaning
Cliché
phrase
Used to suggest that there is no obvious or easy answer to the question being asked
what on earth
(How/ why / what / where) :
How on earth did that happen?
phrase Disapproval
When you are critical of somebody because they decide too quickly that something is true when they do not know as the fact
jump to (a) conclusion
noun
One of two parts like arms on the bodies of some sea creatures, such as seals and penguins, used for swimming
flipper
phrase [ plural ]
- used when speaking informally to a group of people
- someone’s parents
folks /fəʊk/
phr v
To do an amount of work
get through (sth)
✓ we’ve got a lot of work to get through.
✓ She got through half the application form this morning.
phr v
To experience a difficult or unpleasant situation, feeling etc
go through
✓ He is going through a divorce at the moment.
✓ When you’re going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.
phr v
to examine or look at something in a careful or detailed way
go over
verb
To express formal support or approval for someone or something
endorse
✓ the prime minister is unlikely to endorse this view.
adj
Polite, confident and relaxed, sometimes in an insincere way
suave /swɑːv/
SYN SMOOTH
A suave and sophisticated gentleman
adjective
- A …… woman has a soft, curved, sexually attractive body
- An experience or object gives you a lot of pleasure because it feels extremely soft and comfortable or it sounds or looks extremely beautiful:
Voluptuous
/vəˈlʌp.tʃu.əs/
- a voluptuous body/mouth/figure
- such voluptuous pleasure /
I sank into the bed’s voluptuous warmth.
adjective MEDICAL formal or specialized
(especially of flesh) cut or torn
lacerated
/ˈlæs.ə.reɪ.t̬ɪd/
- He was taken to hospital with a leg so badly lacerated that it had to be amputated.
- a lacerated liver
noun [uncountable]
a thick liquid produced inside the nose and other parts of the body:
TOPICS BodyC2
mucus
/ˈmjuː.kəs/
- Mucus is made by mucus glands, which are located in the mouth, nose, throat, stomach, intestines, and vagina. Healthy, normal mucus is clear and made up of water, salt, proteins, and antibodies.
verb
[intransitive] + adv./prep. to go somewhere secretly, trying to avoid being seen
SYNONYM creep
sneak
/sniːk/
- We sneaked out through the back door.
- Did you sneak into my room while I was asleep?
- I caught him trying to sneak in without paying.
- I snuck up the stairs.
verb / adj
- (verb) to cause to stay in a liquid, especially in order to become soft or clean, or to improve flavour:
- (adjective) (of a slope) rising or falling at a sharp angle:
steep
/stiːp/
- Steep Tea bag 2 - 4 minutes
- It’s a steep climb to the top of the mountain, but the view is worth it.
Sweep : to clean a room, surface, etc. using a broom
adv
- very well or to a great degree:
- in a way that is physically attractive in a traditionally male way:
handsomely
/ˈhæn.səm.li/
- reward someone handsomely : She said if his results were good, she would reward him handsomely.
- At six feet, Farzad was handsomely athletic.
