2022 Exam Sport Psychology Flashcards
What are GRIPS? What does GRIPS stand for? Give definitions for each. (11 points)
GRIPS are Mental Strategies
- Goal Setting: Deciding what you want, planning how to get there, executing the plan.
- Relaxation: Undertaken to reduce tension and affects of physical and mental stress.
- Imagery: Mental recreation of successful past performance.
- Performance Routine: A ritual followed by a player before during or after a task.
- Self Talk: Talking or thinking positively before during or after a performance
What are SCAMS? What does SCAMS stand for? Give definitions for each. (11 points)
SCAMS are Mental Skills
- Stress Management: Managing stress occurring when there is an imbalance between necessary stress and execution of skill.
- Concentration: Ability to focus on task at hand while ignoring unnecessary cues.
- Arousal: Degree of stimulation or alertness present in a performer towards given task.
- Motivation: Direction of intensity and effort by a player towards given task
- Self Confidence: belief a player has in their self to execute required skill well.
What do SMARTER Goals stand for? Give definitions for each. (14 points)
- Specific: Clear and unambiguous.
- Measurable: Needs to be assessable to evaluate progress.
- Action Oriented: Actions required to achieve goal is clear.
- Realistic: Goals need to be achievable and within the athletes capacity.
- Time Based: Specific date for completion needs to be set.
- Effective: Capable of attaining desired results
- Reviewed: Goals are monitored. Adjustments are made if necessary.
Name 3 ways to measure Group Cohesion. (3 points)
- Group Environmental Questionnaire (GEQ)
- Sociograms
- Observation
What is a GEQ and how can it be used? (2 points)
The “Group Environment Questionnaire” (GEQ) which recognises that group cohesion is made up of a task and social cohesion
The coach is able to analyse the degree of cohesion in each dimension and address the poorly performed dimension.
What is a Sociogram and how can it be used? (2 points)
- A sociogram is a diagram which shows the inter-relationship between individuals in a team.
- Can be used to determine potential leaders, tight friend groups off the field, Player cliques, Isolated players and potential conflicts.
What is an Observation and how can it be used? (2 points)
A coach can use a checklist to observe how players in the group relate to each other, who they mix with, who they avoid, who they interact with.
Not overly valid as players display what coach wants to see.
How would you construct a Sociogram? (3 points)
- Ask players to name 1 person who you’d like to practice with in off season and 1 who you wouldn’t.
- Place most listed people (+/-) on the inside, and the rest on the outside
- Use different coloured arrows/lines to represent attraction or rejection between players
What is Carrons Model? (1 point)
Carrons model outlines 4 key factors that affect group Cohesion.
What are the 4 Factors of Carrons Model?
4 points
- Personal Factors
- Environmental Factors
- Leadership Factors.
- Team Factors.
Define and Outline the Personal Factors pillar of Carron’s Model. (5 points)
Refer to the individual characteristics of group members, such as their motives for participating.
- Task Motivation: Want to be involved in a successful team
- Affiliation Motivation: Happy to be there for the social aspect.
- Self Motivation: Improving personal performance.
Cohesion will be higher if all players have the same participation motivation (impossible at club level)
Define and Outline the Environmental Factors pillar of Carron’s Model. (1 point, 2 half points)
Refers to the normative forces which bring and hold a group together
Ie. Contracts, Father/son rule, Age, School Team, Geographical limitations
Essentially what brings the players together.
Define and Outline the Leadership Factors pillar of Carron’s Model. (1 point, 2 half points)
Refers to the leadership style and how this affects the dynamics of the group
Have to ensure that the appropriate type of leadership is use for the right environment.
Leaders must display appropriate behaviour and work ethic to set an example for the rest of the team.
Define and Outline the Team Factors pillar of Carron’s Model. (1 point, 5 half points)
Relates to the characteristics of the team including team stability, prior successes and failures
- A stable group becomes cohesive over time due to familiarity
- Prior successes or FAILURES
- Common goals within the team
- Team identity
- Team goals over individual goals.
What are 3 ways a coach could increase Task Cohesion
3 points
- Communicating clearly and regularly so all members understand their roles and responsibilities
- Having clear and understood expectations / norms
- Making clear what each individual must do in order for the team to achieve its goals
What are 3 ways a coach could increase Social Cohesion
3 points
- Encouraging social interaction away from the sport eg paintballing, bbq’s.
- Maintain open and honest communication
- Resolve conflicts quickly
What is Social Loafing? (1 point)
Social loafing, or the Ringelman Effect is the tendency of individuals to lessen their effort when they are part of a group.
Name 3 conditions Social Loafing can occur under.
3 points
- When individual effort cannot be determined
- A belief that their efforts won’t make a difference to the team and the desired outcome will still be reached.
- The individual is competing against a perceived weaker opponent
What are 5 ways a coach could minimise Social Loafing?
5 points
- Sign a CONTRACT which states group expectations, individual responsibilities and methods of discipline
- Provide regular FEEDBACK to individual players.
- Create appropriate GROUP SIZES
- Evaluate all members INDIVIDUALLY
- Set challenging team and individual GOALS
