2020 coasts

Question 1

Outline the process of sub-aerial weathering in the development of 4
coastal landscapes.

Answer 1

• Sub-aerial weathering involves the action of rainwater and insolation
upon landforms in the coastal landscape.

chemical weathering occurs when weak carbonic acid in rainwater
attacks limestone cliffs.

Biological weathering refers to the burrowing of plants and animals into the rock at the coast. This can lead to the break-up of rock as well as the weakening of the rock by species which attach to rock.

Mehainical weathering occurs when water forces its way into the rock

Question 2

Analyse the relationship between isostatic adjustment and the 2010 6
melting day anomaly in Greenland as shown in Figure 5.
A03 points

Answer 2

there appears to be some correlation between the 2010 melting day anomaly and uplift.

The south of the island is generally experiencing more uplift than the north

• The uplift is all coastal according to the data, with neither melting nor uplift taking place inland.

Question 3

Using Figure 6 and your own knowledge, assess the view that rock type is the most important factor in the development of this landscape. A02

Answer 3

• Clearly rock type will be a factor in shaping this landscape. Less resistant rocks would already have been removed by the action of erosion. Some may identify the limestone in the image and suggest that this rock must be able to withstand the constant pounding by the sea over many thousands of years..

Subieral weathering is also a key factor to mention

• that this is a high-energy environment. There is evidence of undercutting and therefore destructive waves. This is likely to be linked to strong winds and a large fetch as well as deep enough water to sustain the orbital motion of the waves.

Question 4

How do waves forms stacks stumps arches.

Answer 4

hydraulic action from a crack to caves, arches, to stack to stumps.

Question 5

With reference to a coastal environment at a local scale, assess the 20
predicted impact of climate change upon the landscape.

Answer 5

A01 - Euastatic and isocratic sea level changes.

Question 6

what are the negative impacts Tenby is going to be affected by climate change

Answer 6

flooding
a drain of money on defences
reputional damage

Question 7

explain population of Tenby

Answer 7

75,000

Question 8

how will the land scape change

Answer 8

due to flooding and eustatic sea level rises , you could see the formation of dalamation coastline by tend by.

Question 9

where is Tenby ecomony centreted

Answer 9

traffic.

Question 10

talk to me about havergate marshes

Answer 10

Halvergate Marshes is also under threat from sea level change.
• The Local Authority have responded to these threats. One scheme is
to lay an 877-metre long revetment of about 1,300 gabions – stone- filled and crushed concrete-filled cages – from the existing rock berm at Little Scratby Crescent, northwards across Scratby Beach to reach Newport.
• The three-metre-high gabions are being positioned at the toe of the soft, sandy cliffs, protecting the low dunes, which are their natural buffer from lapping waves. If left unprotected, these dunes take some years to recover once hit in a storm, meaning they are less effective at reducing erosion to the cliffs if there is another storm soon after.
• The added protection aims to delay the rate of erosion, giving the community time to adjust to coastal change, using the findings of the Government-funded Pathfinder Project, which identified the properties and areas at risk, and potential options, such as displacement land further back from the cliff which householders and businesses could relocate to.
• The scheme is designed to help protect 35 homes which are nearest to the cliff edge, over a 25-year period, and there are another 100 homes, further back which are at risk over a 100-year period.
• Any assessment is likely to consider the costs of such management. This scheme cost £600 000 for example.